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From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 09:13:33 2004
Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 10:12:20 -0600
From: Andy Rudoff <Andy.Rudoff@Sun.COM>
Subject: PSARC/2004/480: star
To: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com
Cc: Dworkin Muller <Dworkin.Muller@Sun.COM>
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I'm sponsoring this fast-track for Dworking Muller, timeout 06/17/2004.

-andy


================================================================

1. Introduction
      1.1. Project/Component Working Name:
	Schilly/standard tar

	 PSARC FastTrack, proposed timeout 06/17/2004
	 Case Number: PSARC/2004/480

      1.2. Name of Document Author/Supplier:
	 Author:  Dworkin Müller
	 Sponsor: Andy Rudoff
      1.3  Date of This Document:
	June 9, 2004

4. Technical Description

	Executive Summary

	It is proposed that we incorporate Jörg Schilling's star
	package into the SFW consolidation, installing some parts into
	/usr/sfw and others into /usr.  The primary motivator is
	getting the remote tape daemon (rmt) portion, which is
	significantly faster, much less buggy, and supports non-Sun
	clients far better than the existing Solaris version does.
	Once star supports all of the features of Sun's tar, also
	replacing our tar with star for improved performance and
	better standards conformance.  Finally, librmt makes it easy
	to convert any utility that accesses local devices to also
	being able to access remote devices.

	Background
	
	The star package has been under development by Jörg Schilling
	since 1982.  The design goals have always been performance and
	standards compliance (once there were standards to comply
	with).  It consists of the programs rmt, star, and mt, and the
	library librmt.  These are each described below in more
	detail.  As a whole, rmt and star achieve significantly better
	throughput than their Solaris equivalents (/usr/sbin/rmt and
	/usr/sbin/tar), such that they are capable of keeping modern
	tape drives constantly streaming. and generally being limited
	by physical device speeds.  That and their significantly
	better interoperability in a hetergeneous environment as well
	as better standards compliance are the main motivators for
	bringing them in.

	rmt(1M) provides remote systems access to a local machine's
	storage resources, primarily tape drives.  It differs from
	NFS, ``rsh cat'', and the like in that it has a request/response
	protocol geared specifically towards the needs of programs
	using tape drives (e.g., direct support for the MTIOCGET
	ioctl(2), doing i/o operations in the block sizes required
	by the remote program, etc).

	The problems with the current rmt are that:
	- it is slow
	- it is moderately buggy
	- the documentation is noticeably out-of-sync with the code
	- it has no concept of security beyond what the system itself
	  enforces (i.e., if you can get it running as root, you can
	  read or write any file on the machine)

	Schilling's version of rmt is compatible with all of the protocol
	extensions that Sun has made relative to the original Berkeley
	implementation, as well as those made by GNU.  It has been
	benchmarked to provide up to at least a 40% throughput
	improvement.  Thus, it is a drop-in replacement whose main
	visible effect is improved throughput (especially when
	combined with librmt, below).  The other customer-visible
	difference would be that it comes with a configuration file
	(/etc/default/rmt) that allows restricting individual users of
	rmt to specific devices and/or hosts.

	Sun has a not-quite-a-library, rmtlib, that is not actually
	shipped to customers.  It exists in our source tree as
	usr/src/cmd/backup/lib/rmtlib.c, and as that implies, is
	statically linked into ufsdump and ufsrestore.  It has the
	bare minimum functionality required by those utilities, and
	has several bugs besides being slow.  Fortunately, most of
	problems are harmless as far as ufsdump and ufsrestore are
	concerned, but general clients would have problems using this
	library.  This is of concern because utilities such as tar,
	cpio, and mt really ought to be able to use remote tapes as
	well as local ones.

	Star's librmt is a complete client library for applications to
	interact with an rmt daemon running on a remote tape host - a
	complete version of what the Solaris rmtlib is an attempt at.
	It does not depend on the remote rmt being the same as the one
	that comes with star - any rmt that supports at least the core
	protocol originally defined at Berkeley will work.  Besides
	performance and generality improvements, one major feature is
	that it supports the use of an environment variable (RSH)
	whose value is the path of a program to use to communicate
	with the remote host instead of the traditional rcmd(3c).  The
	program has to have the same usage synopsis as rsh(1); for
	sites that have concern about privacy, the usual value for RSH
	is /usr/local/bin/ssh.  By including librmt in the Solaris
	operating system and switching ufsdump and ufsrestore over to
	using it, we would be able to trivially satisfy RFE 4432948.
	Since nothing else uses rmtlib, it doesn't really need to be a
	drop-in replacement.

	The mt program in star is logically equivalent to the Solaris
	version, but there are a handful of Sun-specific features that
	are not present in the star version.  At this time, it is not
	proposed that the Solaris mt be replaced.  Schilling suggested
	either that we just link our mt with his librmt, or make our
	mt open source so that he could put the missing features into
	his.  The proposal at this time is to go with the former, so
	as to reduce the number of non-technical complications.

	Finally, there is star itself, fully named ``Schilly tar'' or
	more recently ``standard tar''.  The latter refers to star's
	full POSIX compliance.  It is a functional superset of most
	versions of tar(1) that are available on various operating
	systems.  That, the compliance, and significantly greater
	throughput than the Solaris tar are the main items of
	interest.  For perspective, note that most of the
	externally-found bugs in the Solaris tar were found using the
	test suite that comes with star.  Star, of course, passes
	those tests.  Unfortunately, star is not a drop-in replacement
	for Solaris tar.  In particular, it does not provide these
	features:

	        -e	exit immediately upon unexpected error
			(if envar SYSV3 set, do not split files across volumes)
	        -E	use extended headers; this functionality
			exists in star, but not using this argument
	        -k yy	archive/volume size - uses this instead
			of whatever size the media actually is
	        -n	not reading from tape, so can use random seeks
	        -P	suppress adding trailing / on directory
			entries in the archive
	        -q	stop after extracting first instance of
			requested file
	        -X yy	exclude files named in the file yy
         	-@	included Sun extended attributes in the archive

	With the exception of -@, all of these would be trivial to add
	(and Schillling is quite likely to do so if we start shipping
	star).  The command line synopsis is far more general than
	tar's.  Although it can be used according to Sun's CLI
	standard, it goes beyond what is prescribed there in some
	respects.

	For the extended attributes support, he has indicated that he
	would need some guidance (preferably by seeing the source) as
	to how they were done so he could do the equivalent in star.
	The code bases are sufficiently different that copying the
	code would not be useful/likely; simply giving a clear
	description of the archive format changes may be sufficient.

	The original impetus for this fast-track is RFE 4496994, which
	was filed in response to a request from Schilling to include
	his rmt in the Solaris operating system.  In subsequent
	discussion, the scope expanded from rmt to all of star, and he
	has indicated a desire to retain ownership (not exactly a
	surprise).  He has also said that he would like to get Sun's
	(aka PSARC's) blessing on any future protocol changes that may
	come up.

	The open source legal review for star has been successfully
	passed - although star is distributed to the world at large
	under the GPL, Schilling is providing Sun with a BSD-derived
	license.  The main open question at this time is how much can
	we show/tell him of existing code to help with implementing
	features in the Solaris mt and tar that are not in the star
	equivalents.

	Impact on a Solaris Installation

	The following changes would result from the initial
	integration of star into the SFW consolidation:

	- /usr/sbin/rmt executable from ON replaced by the rmt from star
	- /etc/default/rmt configuration file added (defaults to full access)
	- /usr/lib/librmt.so.1 shared library added
	- /usr/lib/librmt.so symlink to librmt.so.1 added
	- /usr/sfw/sbin/star executable added
	- /usr/sfw/sbin/ustar symlink to star added
	- usr/src/cmd/rmt removed from ON build and/or deleted
	- usr/src/cmd/backup/lib substantially trimmed
	- usr/src/cmd/backup/ufs{dump,restore} modified to link with
	  the new librmt
	- man page modifications as dictated by SFW and Tech Pubs guidelines

	Anticipated future changes:
	- usr/src/cmd/cpio modified to link with librmt
	- usr/src/cmd/mt modified to link with librmt
	- either usr/src/cmd/tar modified to link with librmt, or star
	  augmented to be a full replacement for the existing Solaris
	  tar.  If the latter is done, usr/src/cmd/tar would be
	  removed from ON and the binary replaced with a symlink
	  to the star executable.  At that time, star and ustar may
	  also move from /usr/sfw/sbin to /usr/sbin.

	The constraints leading to the mixed installation targets are:

	- The path ``/etc/rmt'' has to resolve to the intended rmt
	  executable.  Currently, it is a symlink to /usr/sbin/rmt.
	  The installation process for /usr/sfw could change that
	  symlink to something like /usr/sfw/sbin/rmt if it is
	  installing star (or even just rmt).  However...
	- To have ufsdump and ufsrestore link with librmt, that
	  library needs to be guaranteed to be available.
	- One of the main purposes of this effort is to improve our
	  reliability and performance out of the box.  Making star,
	  rmt, and librmt be completely optional negates that effort.

	Support requirements

	Most work on star will continue to be done by Schilling.  The
	bulk of our investment will be the initial conversion to the
	SFW build environment, and possibly adding
	internationalization support (gettext()).  Once that is done,
	most future future updates can be applied via patch(1).

	We have been asked to give back changes as appropriate, so
	some degree of review for such things will be necessary.  The
	expected give-backs are internationalization and some amount
	of help implementing extended attribute support.  Exactly how
	much of the latter may occur is still being discussed with the
	legal department.

	Targeted Releases

	This is primarily intended for s10, but at this point it is
	much more likely to end up in s11 with a backport to an s10
	update release.  We would also like to have the option of
	putting it into an s9 update release.  Everything is strictly
	backwards compatible, so a patch binding seems appropriate.

6. Resources and Schedule
      6.4. Steering Committee requested information
     	6.4.1. Consolidation C-team Name:
		SFW

      6.5. ARC review type:
		FastTrack


From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 09:25:05 2004
Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 09:24:31 -0700 (PDT)
From: "Joseph E. Kowalski III" <Joseph.Kowalski@eng.sun.com>
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star
To: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com, Andy.Rudoff@sun.com
Cc: Dworkin.Muller@sun.com
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I didn't see interface commitment levels in this.  It seems like an
interesting combination of stable (rmt) and external.  Could the submitter
put a stake in the sand for this?

It strikes me that this might just be better off going the full 9 yards
to stable and ignoring the swf moniker.  (Just something to be considered.)

- jek3


From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 10:47:34 2004
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Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 11:44:38 -0600
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Joseph E. Kowalski III writes:
:  I didn't see interface commitment levels in this.  It seems like an
:  interesting combination of stable (rmt) and external.  Could the submitter
:  put a stake in the sand for this?

Looks like it got dropped accidentally during one of the edit cycles.
As far as rmt is concerned, ``stable'' is probably most appropriate,
but see below.  In the greater context of star, we can certainly
classify the ANSI-compliant part that way, but there are quite a few
extensions there as well (all of which have to be turned on by the
user).

:  It strikes me that this might just be better off going the full 9 yards
:  to stable and ignoring the swf moniker.  (Just something to be considered.)

That was my initial inclination as well.  Someone (I can't remember
who) convinced me that that had the potential of being far more pain
than the advantage would provide.  The gist of the argument was that
making it be ON-compliant would require things like full
internationalization, Makefile rewriting, etc, and that would need to
be redone (or least carefully reviewed) every time we got an update
from Joerg.

Now, I fully admit that the interaction between commitment level,
consolidation, and so on confuses me, so if stable still allows being
in the SFW consolidation, that'd be ideal.

Purely from a technical standpoint, the rmt protocol is very
definitely stable.  It gets added to very occasionally, but by its
nature existing messages can't really be changed.  There are too many
different platforms out there that support some (often quite old)
variant, which gives us a de facto standard.

	Dworkin

From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 11:49:02 2004
Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 11:48:29 -0700 (PDT)
From: "Joseph E. Kowalski III" <Joseph.Kowalski@eng.sun.com>
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star
To: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com, Dworkin.Muller@sun.com
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> From: Dworkin Muller <Dworkin.Muller@sun.com>
...
> Joseph E. Kowalski III writes:
> :  I didn't see interface commitment levels in this.  It seems like an
> :  interesting combination of stable (rmt) and external.  Could the submitter
> :  put a stake in the sand for this?
> 
> Looks like it got dropped accidentally during one of the edit cycles.
> As far as rmt is concerned, ``stable'' is probably most appropriate,
> but see below.  In the greater context of star, we can certainly
> classify the ANSI-compliant part that way, but there are quite a few
> extensions there as well (all of which have to be turned on by the
> user).

Humm, the ANSI part could be "Standard".  The extra bells and whissles
could be "stable", "external" or disabled.

> :  It strikes me that this might just be better off going the full 9 yards
> :  to stable and ignoring the swf moniker.  (Just something to be considered.)
> 
> That was my initial inclination as well.  Someone (I can't remember
> who) convinced me that that had the potential of being far more pain
> than the advantage would provide.  The gist of the argument was that
> making it be ON-compliant would require things like full
> internationalization, Makefile rewriting, etc, and that would need to
> be redone (or least carefully reviewed) every time we got an update
> from Joerg.

Several issues are being crossed here.

The installation location and the delivering consolidation are separable.
However, this only "solves" your makefile rewriting problem.

/usr/sbin/rmt *does not* have the option of being external (because of
where it is installed).  Hence, it will need the i18n and full support
anyway.

> Now, I fully admit that the interaction between commitment level,
> consolidation, and so on confuses me, so if stable still allows being
> in the SFW consolidation, that'd be ideal.

It does, but as above it only frees you from the internal build rules.
It does not free you from the big rules of i18n and the "Solaris
Application Binary Guarentee" (ie: never an incompatable change).

> Purely from a technical standpoint, the rmt protocol is very
> definitely stable.  It gets added to very occasionally, but by its
> nature existing messages can't really be changed.  There are too many
> different platforms out there that support some (often quite old)
> variant, which gives us a de facto standard.
> 
> 	Dworkin

- jek3


From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 12:06:31 2004
Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 20:05:52 +0100 (BST)
From: Andrew Gabriel <Andrew.Gabriel@Sun.COM>
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star
To: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com, Dworkin.Muller@Sun.COM, Joseph.Kowalski@eng.sun.com
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> Several issues are being crossed here.
> 
> The installation location and the delivering consolidation are separable.
> However, this only "solves" your makefile rewriting problem.
> 
> /usr/sbin/rmt *does not* have the option of being external (because of
> where it is installed).  Hence, it will need the i18n and full support
> anyway.

If I understand rmt(1M) correctly, it is never invoked directly
from the command line, and it doesn't have any human interface.
It should probably have never been in /usr/sbin anyway, but
rather somewhere in /usr/lib.  I believe it is always invoked
as /etc/rmt, which could presumably point somewhere else if the
need arose and it was thought desirable.

However, I could be wrong on one or more of these points.


One unrelated question -- how compatible would be a ufsdump using
the new rmtlib be with an older system running our /usr/sbin/rmt ?

-- 
Andrew Gabriel


From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 12:12:04 2004
Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 12:11:31 -0700 (PDT)
From: "Joseph E. Kowalski III" <Joseph.Kowalski@eng.sun.com>
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star
To: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com, Dworkin.Muller@Sun.COM, Joseph.Kowalski@eng.sun.com,
   Andrew.Gabriel@Sun.COM
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> From: Andrew Gabriel <Andrew.Gabriel@Sun.COM>
...
> If I understand rmt(1M) correctly, it is never invoked directly
> from the command line, and it doesn't have any human interface.
> It should probably have never been in /usr/sbin anyway, but
> rather somewhere in /usr/lib.  I believe it is always invoked
> as /etc/rmt, which could presumably point somewhere else if the
> need arose and it was thought desirable.

I assert that:

	/etc/rmt is just as bad as /usr/sbin/rmt.  It's *not* /usr/sfw ...

I could be argued with because we've said that external stuff is welcome
to have configuration files in /etc, but I think the high order bit here
is "executable".

- jek3


From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 12:28:21 2004
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Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 15:27:45 -0400
From: James Carlson <james.d.carlson@Sun.COM>
To: "Joseph E. Kowalski III" <Joseph.Kowalski@eng.sun.com>
Cc: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com, Dworkin.Muller@Sun.COM, Andrew.Gabriel@Sun.COM
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star
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Joseph E. Kowalski III writes:
> 	/etc/rmt is just as bad as /usr/sbin/rmt.  It's *not* /usr/sfw ...
> 
> I could be argued with because we've said that external stuff is welcome
> to have configuration files in /etc, but I think the high order bit here
> is "executable".

I think that misses the point.  The "interface" is the on-the-wire
protocol that actually invokes 'rmt'.  That interface expects that
spitting the string "/etc/rmt" into a remote shell will invoke the
daemon-side implementation of the remote tape interface.

For example, see: $SRC/cmd/backup/lib/rmtlib.c in ON.

We could never actually move that link out of /etc, because _other_
existing, already-deployed systems depend on it in order to work
properly.

Similary, some systems have it in /usr/sbin/rmt (it seems to be there
on AIX), and others have it in both places (such as BSD).

Anyway, it's not an administrative interface, so the rules for
administrative interfaces shouldn't apply.

-- 
James Carlson, IP Systems Group                <james.d.carlson@sun.com>
Sun Microsystems / 1 Network Drive         71.234W   Vox +1 781 442 2084
MS UBUR02-212 / Burlington MA 01803-2757   42.497N   Fax +1 781 442 1677

From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 13:37:31 2004
From: Bill Sommerfeld <sommerfeld@east.sun.com>
To: Andy Rudoff <Andy.Rudoff@sun.com>
cc: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com, Dworkin Muller <Dworkin.Muller@sun.com>
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star 
Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 16:36:58 -0400
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>	for sites that have concern about privacy, the usual value for
>	RSH is /usr/local/bin/ssh.

nit: on OS's (including solaris since s9) which have ssh integrated,
you probably mean /usr/bin/ssh.

						- Bill



From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 14:45:06 2004
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Cc: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com, Dworkin Muller <Dworkin.Muller@sun.com>
From: Allen Wittenauer <allenw@sun.com>
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star
Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 14:44:33 -0700
To: Andy Rudoff <Andy.Rudoff@sun.com>
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On Jun 10, 2004, at 9:12 AM, Andy Rudoff wrote:
> 	Finally, there is star itself, fully named ``Schilly tar'' or
> 	more recently ``standard tar''.  The latter refers to star's
> 	full POSIX compliance.  It is a functional superset of most
> 	versions of tar(1) that are available on various operating
> 	systems.  That, the compliance, and significantly greater
> 	throughput than the Solaris tar are the main items of
> 	interest.

	How does star handle tar files embedded with long filenames?  i.e., 
will users still have to rely on GNU tar for this functionality?


From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 15:00:42 2004
Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 22:56:10 +0100 (BST)
From: Andrew Gabriel <Andrew.Gabriel@sun.com>
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star
To: Andy.Rudoff@sun.com, allenw@sun.com
Cc: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com, Dworkin.Muller@sun.com
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Allen Wittenauer <allenw@sun.com> wrote:

>	How does star handle tar files embedded with long filenames?  i.e., 
>will users still have to rely on GNU tar for this functionality?

If you are referring to the ~100 character boundary, star copes
with that. There have been lots of tar versions around which
create broken archives around this 100 character boundary (GNU
tar has been one of the worst historically), and star actually
manages to recover many of these broken archives correctly, even
when the tar that created them can't.

[This response is based on conversations I've had with Jörg in
the past.]

-- 
Andrew Gabriel



From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 15:09:08 2004
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jk:  Joseph E. Kowalski III
ag:  Andrew Gabriel <Andrew.Gabriel@Sun.COM>
jc:  James Carlson <James.D.Carlson@Sun.COM>

jk:  Humm, the ANSI part could be "Standard".  The extra bells and whissles
jk:  could be "stable", "external" or disabled.

Standard+external sounds like the right mix.  I suspect we'd get lots
of negative response if we turned off large parts of star....

jk:  It does, but as above it only frees you from the internal build rules.
jk:  It does not free you from the big rules of i18n and the "Solaris
jk:  Application Binary Guarentee" (ie: never an incompatable change).

I18n for rmt and librmt is actually an interesting little conundrum,
because rmt likely isn't running on the system that its client is on.
There's nothing to stop someone from, say, running ufsdump in Menlo
Park and having it write to a tape in Beijing.  Error messages are
returned both as numeric errnos (which are demonstrably non-portable
across systems) and text strings.  Seems like you'd want the
translation done on the client (aka in librmt), but since there's no
guarantee of exactly what text you'll get out of the far end (it could
be running just about any OS after all), setting up a complete catalog
is difficult.

ag:  If I understand rmt(1M) correctly, it is never invoked directly
ag:  from the command line, and it doesn't have any human interface.

Correct.

Per the above, my intention has been to not worry about i18n in rmt
itself.  When librmt gets brought in, I'd set it up with a catalog of
the strings that we expect out of the various historical versions of
the Solaris rmt, the new Schillling rmt, and our current errno string
table.  I suppose true completeness would say that any historical
variants on the errno strings should be included as well, but that
seems a little overkill.

ag:  It should probably have never been in /usr/sbin anyway, but
ag:  rather somewhere in /usr/lib.  I believe it is always invoked
ag:  as /etc/rmt, which could presumably point somewhere else if the
ag:  need arose and it was thought desirable.
ag:  
ag:  However, I could be wrong on one or more of these points.

You are completely correct as far as you go.  Originally, the binary
lived in /etc/rmt (at Berkeley and I'm pretty sure Sunos 3.x;
certainly in earlier releases).  There was a big push to make / as
small as possible in Sunos 4.x, so it got moved from /etc to /usr/etc
and a symlink dropped in.  I'm not sure when it moved from /usr/etc to
/usr/sbin, but the SCCS history suggests it was put there as part of
the original SVr4/5.0 work.

ag:  One unrelated question -- how compatible would be a ufsdump using
ag:  the new rmtlib be with an older system running our /usr/sbin/rmt ?

Completely.  The bulk of the Schilling rmt extensions boil down to
supporting our extensions to the protocol (which date back to the
Harpy project, ~5.3).  There is a handshake done at the beginning of
the connection that determines whether or not the extensions are
supported by the rmt daemon.

If/when any more protocol changes are needed (I don't believe any are
being contemplated at the moment), one additional one will be to add
an explicit version number to that handshake.  Right now, it's simply
an attempt at a known-bad ioctl(), and the success/failure of it
indicates which kind of rmt we're talking to.

jc:  The "interface" is the on-the-wire
jc:  protocol that actually invokes 'rmt'.  That interface expects that
jc:  spitting the string "/etc/rmt" into a remote shell will invoke the
jc:  daemon-side implementation of the remote tape interface.
jc:  [...]
jc:  We could never actually move that link out of /etc, because _other_
jc:  existing, already-deployed systems depend on it in order to work
jc:  properly.

Correct.  That was set down in the early BSD releases, and anyone who
used that as an original code base is stuck with it.  The name
/etc/rmt is a de facto standard.  Where the binary actually lives, of
course, is totally independent of that name, as long as that name gets
you to the program.

One nit: it's actually rcmd(3SOCKET), not rsh(1M).  The latter does
all sorts of obnoxious buffering that doesn't play at all well with
request/response protocols.  That's a lot of why we've never supported
external transports like ssh - if we were using rsh already, changing
what we exec(2) based on an envar would be trivial.

jc:  Anyway, it's not an administrative interface, so the rules for
jc:  administrative interfaces shouldn't apply.

As far as rmt is concerned, this is my feeling as well.  As far as
anything else in the star package goes, all of the concerns about
i18n, paths, etc seem dead on.

	Dworkin

From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 15:11:12 2004
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Bill Sommerfeld writes:
:  >	for sites that have concern about privacy, the usual value for
:  >	RSH is /usr/local/bin/ssh.
:  
:  nit: on OS's (including solaris since s9) which have ssh integrated,
:  you probably mean /usr/bin/ssh.

At this point, that's probably true.  When I originally wrote it, that
wasn't generally the case (in particular, not in solaris).  I've been
trying to get this through all the hoops for a long time....

	Dworkin

From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 15:13:49 2004
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Andrew Gabriel writes:
:  Allen Wittenauer <allenw@sun.com> wrote:
:  
:  >	How does star handle tar files embedded with long filenames?  i.e., 
:  >will users still have to rely on GNU tar for this functionality?
:  
:  If you are referring to the ~100 character boundary, star copes
:  with that. There have been lots of tar versions around which
:  create broken archives around this 100 character boundary (GNU

Star is pretty much a superset of the bulk of the tars that are out
there, except in the very few cases where there are fundamental
incompatibilities.  It's my understanding that for the known cases,
there's an option to turn on the appropriate broken behaviour.

	Dworkin

From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 15:20:17 2004
Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 15:19:46 -0700 (PDT)
From: "Joseph E. Kowalski III" <Joseph.Kowalski@eng.sun.com>
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star
To: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com, Dworkin.Muller@sun.com
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Not to appear ignorant, but what happens if it type /usr/sbin/rmt at
the command line?  From the reading of the SunOS manpage, nothing
useful.  Its not a true deamon, but it seems more deamon like than
anything else.

If this is right (or close to right), perhaps this could be external
and still live in /usr/sbin or /etc.  It seems that accidental discovery
is not an issue.

However, that's only one issue.  Since this is supporting stable programs
(tar) as well as external (star) it probably needs to be stable anyway.

- jek3


From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 15:32:00 2004
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From: James Carlson <james.d.carlson@Sun.COM>
To: "Joseph E. Kowalski III" <Joseph.Kowalski@eng.sun.com>
Cc: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com, Dworkin.Muller@Sun.COM
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star
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Joseph E. Kowalski III writes:
> Not to appear ignorant, but what happens if it type /usr/sbin/rmt at
> the command line?  From the reading of the SunOS manpage, nothing
> useful.  Its not a true deamon, but it seems more deamon like than
> anything else.

It is the daemon end of a connection.  It's no more useful than
invoking /usr/sbin/in.rlogind or /usr/sbin/in.telnetd from the command
line.

(Those, incidentally, have even less reason to live in /usr/sbin.
Unlike /etc/rmt, nothing external to the box can expect find them in
those particular locations.  They're kept there for the sake of old
inetd.conf files and the many inetd-replacements.)

> If this is right (or close to right), perhaps this could be external
> and still live in /usr/sbin or /etc.  It seems that accidental discovery
> is not an issue.

Right.  The real issue is that the strings "/usr/sbin/rmt" and
"/etc/rmt" form an (icky) on-the-wire protocol that selects the "rmt"
protocol via (typically) in.rshd and its use of execle and pw_shell.

In other words, one could have (say) a Windoze box that reads
"/usr/sbin/rmt" and (lacking any such binary) says, "oh, that's the
remote tape protocol; start doing that."  The protocol _is_ the path.

> However, that's only one issue.  Since this is supporting stable programs
> (tar) as well as external (star) it probably needs to be stable anyway.

The path itself and the behavior of the executable (the elements of
the on-the-wire protocol) must at least be Stable.

-- 
James Carlson, IP Systems Group                <james.d.carlson@sun.com>
Sun Microsystems / 1 Network Drive         71.234W   Vox +1 781 442 2084
MS UBUR02-212 / Burlington MA 01803-2757   42.497N   Fax +1 781 442 1677

From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 15:37:44 2004
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Joseph E. Kowalski III writes:
:  Not to appear ignorant, but what happens if it type /usr/sbin/rmt at
:  the command line?  From the reading of the SunOS manpage, nothing
:  useful.  Its not a true deamon, but it seems more deamon like than
:  anything else.

Pretty much.  You can, if you're sufficiently masochistic, use it
instead of mt(1M) to manipulate the local tape drive, but the only
time I've ever seen that done was when rmt itself was being worked
on.  It's pretty much the programmatic equivalent of mt, with just
enough network awareness to handle buffering and byte-order issues.

:  However, that's only one issue.  Since this is supporting stable programs
:  (tar) as well as external (star) it probably needs to be stable anyway.

Tar's not a good current example (it's not remote-tape-aware), but
ufsdump and ufsrestore are.  For the rmt part, that seems like the
right conclusion.

	Dworkin

From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 15:37:48 2004
Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 15:37:16 -0700 (PDT)
From: "Joseph E. Kowalski III" <Joseph.Kowalski@eng.sun.com>
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star
To: Joseph.Kowalski@eng.sun.com, james.d.carlson@Sun.COM
Cc: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com, Dworkin.Muller@Sun.COM
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> From: James Carlson <james.d.carlson@Sun.COM>
...
> > However, that's only one issue.  Since this is supporting stable programs
> > (tar) as well as external (star) it probably needs to be stable anyway.
> 
> The path itself and the behavior of the executable (the elements of
> the on-the-wire protocol) must at least be Stable.

Yea, what he said...


From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 16:09:59 2004
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Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 19:09:16 -0400
From: James Carlson <james.d.carlson@Sun.COM>
To: Andy Rudoff <Andy.Rudoff@Sun.COM>
Cc: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com, Dworkin Muller <Dworkin.Muller@Sun.COM>
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star
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Andy Rudoff writes:
> 	Finally, there is star itself, fully named ``Schilly tar'' or
> 	more recently ``standard tar''.  The latter refers to star's
> 	full POSIX compliance.  It is a functional superset of most
> 	versions of tar(1) that are available on various operating
> 	systems.  That, the compliance, and significantly greater
> 	throughput than the Solaris tar are the main items of
> 	interest.  For perspective, note that most of the

A possibly interesting issue (that someone unnamed brought up) is that
the one standard 'star' doesn't adhere to is getopts.  It uses the
X11-style long options -- "-help", for instance instead of "--help" --
and has some really wacky ideas about other options (such as "-/" and
"-..").

It's not clear if unambiguous uses of those non-standard option
mechanisms can be detangled from all reasonable single-character
option usages.

> 	With the exception of -@, all of these would be trivial to add
> 	(and Schillling is quite likely to do so if we start shipping
> 	star).  The command line synopsis is far more general than

"star" already has some conflicting options.  "star -n" means "no
extraction," not "random seeks."  "-P" means "partial last record"
rather than "suppress trailing slash."

This isn't really an ARC issue, but given what I've seen in
"cdrecord," and not having looked at "star" source, I'd be mildly
concerned that there are major reinvented wheels inside this code.
(Cdrecord has -- or at least _had_, last time I bothered with it --
its own private printf and stdio bits.)  I hope that these things are
being looked into.

-- 
James Carlson, IP Systems Group                <james.d.carlson@sun.com>
Sun Microsystems / 1 Network Drive         71.234W   Vox +1 781 442 2084
MS UBUR02-212 / Burlington MA 01803-2757   42.497N   Fax +1 781 442 1677

From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 16:20:23 2004
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Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 17:17:27 -0600
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James Carlson writes:
:  It's not clear if unambiguous uses of those non-standard option
:  mechanisms can be detangled from all reasonable single-character
:  option usages.

I'll have to go digging for a bit.

:  This isn't really an ARC issue, but given what I've seen in
:  "cdrecord," and not having looked at "star" source, I'd be mildly
:  concerned that there are major reinvented wheels inside this code.
:  (Cdrecord has -- or at least _had_, last time I bothered with it --
:  its own private printf and stdio bits.)  I hope that these things are
:  being looked into.

He has those, but the library those are part of are explicitly not
included in what he's giving us license to (at least partly because he
doesn't have clear title).  His claim is that they are functional
equivalents to what's in our libraries.

	Dworkin

From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 17:12:43 2004
Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 17:12:10 -0700 (PDT)
From: Don Cragun <dwc@spartan.sfbay.sun.com>
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star
To: Andy.Rudoff@sun.com, james.d.carlson@sun.com
Cc: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com, Dworkin.Muller@sun.com
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Andy Rudoff writes:
> 	Finally, there is star itself, fully named ``Schilly tar'' or
> 	more recently ``standard tar''.  The latter refers to star's
> 	full POSIX compliance.  It is a functional superset of most
> 	versions of tar(1) that are available on various operating
> 	systems.  That, the compliance, and significantly greater
> 	throughput than the Solaris tar are the main items of
> 	interest.  For perspective, note that most of the

To set the record straight, there is not and never has been a POSIX
standard specification for the tar utility.  There is a POSIX
specification for the cpio archive file format, there is a POSIX
specification for the ustar archive file format, and there is a POSIX
specification for the pax utility and pax archive format.   There were
specifications for the tar and cpio utilities in XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, and
XPG4v2 but they were removed in XPG5.

Please also note that the POSIX interpretations committee and the
Austin Group have at times disagreed with Mr. Schilling's
interpretations of the standards.  I'm not saying that we shouldn't
adopt star, but be very careful about any standards conformance and/or
compliance claims he makes.

Our tar, cpio, and pax utilities produce archives that pass the
standards conformance tests.  I presume that you will verify that star
will pass the same tests for the ustar and pax archive formats before
integration.


From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 21:38:26 2004
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Don Cragun writes:
:  There were
:  specifications for the tar and cpio utilities in XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, and
:  XPG4v2 but they were removed in XPG5.

I knew I'd seen them in one of the standards (probably XPG3), but had
missed the removal in XPG5.

:  Please also note that the POSIX interpretations committee and the
:  Austin Group have at times disagreed with Mr. Schilling's
:  interpretations of the standards.

This is very useful to know, particularly in light of the changes in
XPG5.

:  Our tar, cpio, and pax utilities produce archives that pass the
:  standards conformance tests.  I presume that you will verify that star
:  will pass the same tests for the ustar and pax archive formats before
:  integration.

I certainly intend to.  If there are any that aren't part of ON-PIT or
the Ireland DIY/PIT tests, please send me a pointer to them, just to
make sure I don't miss them.

Thanks much for the additional background.  

	Dworkin

From sacadmin Thu Jun 10 21:55:42 2004
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It's been pointed out that the man pages were omitted from the case
materials.  That's now been rectified - the top-level man pages (rmt,
star, librmt, and Schilling's comparison of star to GNU tar) are in
the 2004/480/materials directory.  If anyone wants the function-
specific man pages for librmt, please let me know.

	Dworkin

From sacadmin Fri Jun 11 05:01:47 2004
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From: James Carlson <james.d.carlson@Sun.COM>
To: Dworkin Muller <Dworkin.Muller@Sun.COM>
Cc: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com
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Dworkin Muller writes:
> He has those, but the library those are part of are explicitly not
> included in what he's giving us license to (at least partly because he
> doesn't have clear title).  His claim is that they are functional
> equivalents to what's in our libraries.

Again, not an ARC issue, but do carefully evaluate that claim.  The
Schilling vfprintf that I remember had a funky '%r' recursion
mechanism that he used extensively, plus some really questionable (and
broken on at least one platform) floating point logic.

-- 
James Carlson, IP Systems Group                <james.d.carlson@sun.com>
Sun Microsystems / 1 Network Drive         71.234W   Vox +1 781 442 2084
MS UBUR02-212 / Burlington MA 01803-2757   42.497N   Fax +1 781 442 1677

From sacadmin Wed Jun 16 10:12:24 2004
Date: Wed, 16 Jun 2004 11:11:44 -0600
From: Andy Rudoff <Andy.Rudoff@Sun.COM>
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480: star
To: psarc@sac.eng.sun.com
Cc: Dworkin Muller <Dworkin.Muller@Sun.COM>
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This fast-track was approved at today's PSARC meeting.

-andy


From sacadmin Tue Sep 26 06:41:16 2006
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To: Joerg.Schilling@fokus.fraunhofer.de (Joerg Schilling)
Cc: Casper.Dik@sun.com, PSARC-EXT@sac.sfbay.sun.com
Subject: star and tar (2004/480)
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Joerg Schilling writes:
> NO, I am not talking about a _future_ project but about a project that has
> already been accepted in the past.

Do you mean "star" (PSARC 2004/480)?  If so, that case placed no
constraints or other special burdens on those proposing to modify
tar(1), as far as I can tell.  The only thing it said that's remotely
related is this:

        - either usr/src/cmd/tar modified to link with librmt, or star
          augmented to be a full replacement for the existing Solaris
          tar.  If the latter is done, usr/src/cmd/tar would be
          removed from ON and the binary replaced with a symlink
          to the star executable.  At that time, star and ustar may
          also move from /usr/sfw/sbin to /usr/sbin.

That's hardly a demand to stop adding new features to tar(1), and the
part where there's some sort of burden on tar(1) seems to me to be the
point where that "if the latter is done" sentence becomes declarative
rather than subjunctive.

In any event, we're straying even further from the ksh discussion.
I've changed the subject line so that this side-track doesn't get
archived with the ksh93 case.

-- 
James Carlson, KISS Network                    <james.d.carlson@sun.com>
Sun Microsystems / 1 Network Drive         71.232W   Vox +1 781 442 2084
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Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2006 15:52:28 +0200
From: Joerg.Schilling@fokus.fraunhofer.de (Joerg Schilling)
To: james.d.carlson@sun.com
Cc: PSARC-EXT@sac.sfbay.sun.com, Casper.Dik@sun.com
Subject: Re: star and tar (2004/480)
Message-Id: <4519309c.SN4jtTNDYHKeIBTb%Joerg.Schilling@fokus.fraunhofer.de>
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James Carlson <james.d.carlson@Sun.COM> wrote:

> Joerg Schilling writes:
> > NO, I am not talking about a _future_ project but about a project that has
> > already been accepted in the past.
>
> Do you mean "star" (PSARC 2004/480)?  If so, that case placed no
> constraints or other special burdens on those proposing to modify
> tar(1), as far as I can tell.  The only thing it said that's remotely
> related is this:
...
> That's hardly a demand to stop adding new features to tar(1), and the
> part where there's some sort of burden on tar(1) seems to me to be the
> point where that "if the latter is done" sentence becomes declarative
> rather than subjunctive.

Well, it is a matter of cooperative will not to add things without asking 
before. in such a case. This is the reason why I belive this needs to be 
discucced.

Jörg

-- 
 EMail:joerg@schily.isdn.cs.tu-berlin.de (home) Jörg Schilling D-13353 Berlin
       js@cs.tu-berlin.de                (uni)  
       schilling@fokus.fraunhofer.de     (work) Blog: http://schily.blogspot.com/
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From Darren.Moffat@sun.com Fri May 11 02:57:07 2007
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Date: Fri, 11 May 2007 10:55:55 +0100
From: Darren J Moffat <Darren.Moffat@sun.com>
Subject: PSARC/2004/480 star (Was Re: PSARC 2007 267 vim (Vi IMproved) 7)
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Joerg Schilling wrote:
> "James C. McPherson" <James.McPherson@Sun.COM> wrote:
> 
> 
>>> What we need is real actions not only plans.
>>>
>>> Please help to put PSARC 2004/480 into reality and before filing new ideas.
>>
>> Hi Joerg,
>> what are you, as the author of star, doing to advance
>> that PSARC case?
> 
> In principle, I am waiting for the integration to happen since 2004.
> Note that this was expected to happen before Solaris 10 GA was published.

This is NOT relevant to the technical review of this case please take it 
off this thread.

If you want to discuss PSARC/2004/480 please put PSARC/2004/480 in the 
subject line, the ARC tools archive email appropriately.



-- 
Darren J Moffat

From sacadmin Fri May 11 03:00:50 2007
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From: "James C. McPherson" <James.McPherson@sun.com>
Subject: Re: PSARC/2004/480 star (Was Re: PSARC 2007 267 vim (Vi IMproved) 7)
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Darren J Moffat wrote:
> Joerg Schilling wrote:
>> "James C. McPherson" <James.McPherson@Sun.COM> wrote:
>>
>>
>>>> What we need is real actions not only plans.
>>>>
>>>> Please help to put PSARC 2004/480 into reality and before filing new 
>>>> ideas.
>>>
>>> Hi Joerg,
>>> what are you, as the author of star, doing to advance
>>> that PSARC case?
>>
>> In principle, I am waiting for the integration to happen since 2004.
>> Note that this was expected to happen before Solaris 10 GA was published.
> 
> This is NOT relevant to the technical review of this case please take it 
> off this thread.
> 
> If you want to discuss PSARC/2004/480 please put PSARC/2004/480 in the 
> subject line, the ARC tools archive email appropriately.

Hi Darren and PSARC,

please accept my apologies for not paying attention
to the lists and people that were included on my
response to Joerg.


best regards,
James C. McPherson
--
Solaris kernel software engineer
Sun Microsystems

