User Commands archive(1) NAME archive - Sets archive attributes and schedules files for immediate archiving SYNOPSIS archive [-C] [-I] [-d] [-f] [-n] [-w] [-W] [-c copy_no] filename ... archive [-C] [-I] [-d] [-f] [-n] [-w] [-W] [-c copy_no] -r dirname ...[filename ...] AVAILABILITY SUNWsamfs DESCRIPTION The archive command sets archive attributes on files and directories. It also specifies archiving for one or more files. By default, a file is archived some time after its creation. Your site's default archiving operation is configured by the system administrator. If neither the -d nor the -n options are specified, files are marked to be archived immediately. When archive attributes are set on a directory, all files or directories subsequently created in that directory inherit those attributes. OPTIONS This command accepts the following arguments: -C Specifies concurrent archiving, which means that a file can be archived even if opened for write. The archive time is regulated by the modification time. By default, archiving is disallowed while a file is opened for write. Note that NFS files are not opened and are concurrently archived by default. Concurrent archiving is useful for databases, however caution is advised because archiving can occur while the file is being modified. This can result in wasted media. -I Support inconsistent archive copies. This means that an archive copy can be created even if the file is modified while it is being copied to the media. By default, the archive copy is disallowed if the file is inconsistent, that is, if the file is modified while it was being copied to the media. Note, the file cannot be staged if the copy is marked inconsistent; however, after a samfsrestore, the inconsistent flag is removed from the archive copy and the file can be staged. Inconsistent archiving is useful for databases, however caution is advised because it a file can be staged from an inconsistent copy after the file is restored using samfsrestore. -d Resets the archive attributes on a file to the default attributes. When this option is specified, attributes are first reset to the default, and then all other attribute-setting options are processed. The only action taken is that attributes are reset. No archiving is performed. -f Suppresses error messages. -n Disables archiving for a file. This option specifies that a file never be archived. Only a superuser can set this attribute on a file. When this option is specified, the only action taken is that the attribute is set. This option cannot be specified for a file that has either the checksum generate or checksum use attributes set. These attributes are set by using the ssum(1) command's -g and -u options, respectively. For more information on ssum(1), see the ssum(1) man page. If the archiver file system examination method has been set to scandirs, setting this option on a directory will prevent the archiver from examining the directory, and all of its subdirectories. This behavior should only be used for directory trees that have all archive copies made for all files. And, no changes should be made to any of the subdirectories or files. -w Waits for a file to have at least 1 archive copy before completing. This option cannot be specified on the command line in conjunction with the -W, -d, or -n options. Note that it may take a long time for a file to be archived. Note that when archiving many files at once (such as with archive -r -w .) the "-w" option causes each file to be completely archived before the archive request for the next file is issued. In order to get the best performance in this situation, do the following: archive -r . archive -r -w . -W Waits for a file to have all its required archive copies before completing. This option cannot be specified on the command line in conjunction with the -w, -d, or -n options. Note that it may take a long time for a file to be archived. Note that when archiving many files at once (such as with archive -r -W .) the "-W" option causes each file to be completely archived before the archive request for the next file is issued. In order to get the best performance in this situation, do the following: archive -r . archive -r -W . -c copy_no Specify 1, 2, 3, or 4 for copy_no. If one or more -c options are specified, only those archive copies (copies 1, 2, 3, or 4) are affected. The -c option may only be used with the -w and -r options. If used without any other options (or just the -r option), archive copy copy_no will be made immediately. If used with the -w option, (with or without the -r option), the command will wait for the archive copy copy_no to be made. -r dirname ... Recursively archives or sets attributes for files contained in the specified dirname and its subdirectories. More than one dirname can be specified. If used in conjunction with other command line options, the -r dirname option must be specified prior to any individual files listed (using the filename argument), but it must be specified after any other individual options. filename ... Specifies one or more file names. If the -r dirname option is also specified, individual filename arguments must appear after all dirname specifications. EXAMPLES The following command resets all attributes to the default settings on all files in the current directory and all files in subdirectories beneath: archive -d -r . SEE ALSO ssum(1), stage(1), release(1). Sun Microsystems Last change: 03 Feb 2006 User Commands release(1) NAME release - Releases disk space and sets release attributes SYNOPSIS release [-a] [-d] [-f] [-n] [-p] [-s partial_size] [-V] filename ... release [-a] [-d] [-f] [-n] [-p] [-s partial_size] [-V] -r dirname ... [filename ...] AVAILABILITY SUNWsamfs DESCRIPTION The release command sets release attributes for a file and releases the disk space associated with one or more files. At least one archive image must exist for each file before its disk space is released. By default, the releaser daemon automatically drops disk space when the file system's high water mark is reached. Files that are symbolic links are silently ignored. If the -a, -d, -n, -p, or -s options are specified, only the attribute is set; the disk space is not released, however if the partial attribute is reset, all blocks are released for an offline regular file. When release attributes are set on a directory, files and directories subsequently created in that directory inherit those attributes. OPTIONS This command accepts the following arguments: -a Sets the attribute that specifies that a file's disk space be released when at least one archive copy of the file exists. This option cannot be specified on the command line in conjunction with the -n option. -d Resets the release attributes on the file to the default attributes. When this option is specified, attributes are first reset to the default, and then all other attribute-setting options are processed. If the partial attribute is reset, all blocks are released for an offline regular file. If the partial blocks are to be retained, specify the -p or -s option with the -d option. -f Suppresses error messages. -n Specifies that the disk space for this file never be released. Only a superuser can set this attribute on a file. This option cannot be specified on the command line in conjunction with the -a option. -p Sets the partial release attribute on the file so that when the file's disk space is released, the first portion of that disk space is retained on the disk. By default, the minimum size of the portion retained on disk is controlled by the -o partial=nk option on the mount_samfs(1M) command. This amount can be adjusted by using the -s option on the release command. NOTE: Even through only a portion of the file is retained on disk, the amount of disk space consumed is equal to one DAU. So, for example, if the partial size is set to 16K and the DAU size is 256K, even though only 16K of data remains after a partial release, the actual disk space used is 256K. If this option is specified for an offline file, the partial blocks are not on the disk, and the entire file is be staged if accessed. You can use the stage(1) command's -p option to stage the partial blocks to the disk. This option cannot be specified under the following circumstances: o This option cannot be specified for a file that has either the checksum-generate or checksum-use attributes set. These attributes are set by using the ssum(1) command's -g or -u options, respectively. o The stage(1) command's -n option enables the never-stage attribute. For more information on the stage(1) command, see the stage(1) man page. -s partial_size Specifies the number of kilobytes to be retained on disk when a file with the partial-release attribute is released. When the file's disk space is released, the first partial_size kilobytes of that disk space are retained. By default, the minimum partial_size is 8 kilobytes, and the maximum partial_size is 16 kilobytes or whatever the -o maxpartial=maxpartial setting is for this file system as specified on the mount(1M) command. For more information on the mount(1M) command, see the mount_samfs(1M) man page. This option cannot be specified under the following circumstances: o This option cannot be specified for a file that has either the checksum-generate or checksum-use attributes set. These attributes are set by using the ssum(1) command's -g or -u options, respectively. o The stage(1) command's -n option enables the never-stage attribute. -r Recursively releases disk space or sets release attributes for files contained in the specified dirname and its subdirectories. More than one dirname can be specified. Symbolic links that are encountered when this option is in effect are not traversed. If used in conjunction with other command line options, the -r dirname option must be specified prior to any individual files listed (using the filename argument), but it must be specified after any other individual options. -V Enables a detailed, verbose display. A message is displayed for each file for which release is attempted. filename Specifies one or more file names. If the -r dirname option is also specified, filename arguments must appear after all dirname specifications. SEE ALSO archive(1), ssum(1), stage(1). mount_samfs(1M). Sun Microsystems Last change: 1 Oct 2004 User Commands request(1) NAME request - Creates a removable-media file SYNOPSIS request [-f file_id] [-g group] [-i information] -m media [-N] [-n version] [-o owner] [-p position1[/position2/position3/ ...]] [-s size] [-v vsn1[/vsn2/vsn3/ ...]] file request [-f file_id] [-g group] [-i information] [-l vsnfile] -m media [-N] [-n version] [-o owner] [-s size] file AVAILABILITY SUNWsamfs DESCRIPTION The request command creates a removable-media file, which is a file that resides only on one or more removable media cartridges. Such a file does not reside in online magnetic disk storage. Removable media files allow you to read data from tape or magneto-optical cartridges directly to memory. Creating removable media files allows you to use cartridges in an automated library without having them under the control of the storage and archive manager (SAM). In addition, removable media files can also be used for disaster recovery purposes. A removable media file can be written to more than one volume if the file is large. This creates a volume overflow file. The -m media option to this command specifies the media type and is a required option. The Volume Serial Name (VSN) for the removable media file specifies the cartridges to which the removable media file will be written. The VSNs can be specified in one of two ways: o By specifying the -v vsn option. If you specify the VSN using this option, you can also use the -p option to supply the position of the removable media file on the media. You must be superuser to specify the -p option. o By specifying the -l vsnfile option. Note that you cannot specify both the -v option and the -l option on the same request command line. When an application writes to a removable media file by using the open(2) system call with the oflag argument set to O_WRONLY, O_RDWR, O_CREAT, or O_TRUNC, the Sun StorEdge SAM-FS software is updated to reflect the data's position on the cartridge. Subsequent read access using the open(2) call with oflag set to O_RDONLY results in a read of the data written during creation. OPTIONS This command accepts several options. In the following list, the options are grouped according to function. General Options The following general options can be used for any type of removable-media cartridge: -l vsnfile Specifies the name of the file that contains the list of VSNs. Within a vsnfile, VSNs must be specified one per line. Each line must contain a VSN name. The vsn cannot be more than 6 characters in length for a tape or 31 characters in length for magneto-optical media. You can also specify the position within the vsnfile. If specifying the position, begin each line with the VSN name, followed by a space character, and followed by a decimal or hexadecimal number that indicates the position on the medium. If specifying in hexadecimal, precede the position indicator by Ox characters. Each VSN in the vsnfile must reside in a local automated library. This option cannot be specified in conjunction with the -v option. -m media Specifies the media type. For media, specify a media type as described on the mcf(4) man page. This is a required option. -p position1[/position2/position3/ ...] A number that specifies the position of the removable media file on the cartridge. This option must be specified in conjunction with the -v option. The number of positions specified must match the number of vsns specified on the -v option. The position can be specified in decimal or hexadecimal. To specify hexadecimal, precede the position with 0x. If specified, the media is positioned to position on each VSN. The number of positions specified must match the number of VSNs. Note that Sun StorEdge SAM-FS utilities usually print the position of the file on the medium in hexadecimal. You must be superuser to specify a position. -s size Specifies the required size in bytes. When file is opened for write access, sufficient space on the media must be available before the first write is done. -v vsn1[/vsn2/vsn3/ ...] Specifies one or more VSNs to which the removable media will be written. The vsn cannot be more than 6 characters in length for a tape or 31 characters in length for magneto-optical media. If more than one VSN is specified, separate them with slash characters (/). If you want to specify the position on the media, use the -p position argument in conjunction with this argument. Each vsn specified must reside in a local automated library. This option cannot be specified in conjunction with the -l option. file Specifies the name of the file to be written to removable media. This can be a full path name. The file must reside in a Sun StorEdge SAM-FS file system. After the removable-media file is created, subsequent access to the file results in access to the specified removable-media cartridge. Tape Media Options For tape files, each write to the media results in one tape block. Each read of the media returns either a tape block or the first buffer-size bytes of the tape block, whichever is smaller. The buffer size must be equal to or larger than the tape block in order to read the entire block. The following option can be used only if the removable media file is being written to tape media: -N Specifies that the media is a foreign tape. That is, the tape was not written in a Sun StorEdge SAM-FS environment. The tape must be barcoded, write protected, opened for read access only, and positioned to 0. Magneto-Optical Media Options The following options can be used only if the removable media file is being written to magneto-optical media: -f file_id Specifies the recorded file name of the file to access (up to 31 characters). The default is the file name portion (basename) of the path specified by file. For requests in which file is greater than 31 characters, no default exists, and the -f argument is required. -n version Version number of the file. If version is 0, the most current version is used for read access, and a new version is created for write access. The default value is 0. For write access, the file is updated with the new version number. -o owner Specifies the owner. Can be up to 31 characters. The default is the current user. For magneto-optical disk files that are to be used to read archive images, the owner specification must be -o sam_archive. -g group Specifies the group identifier. Can be up to 31 characters. The default is the user's current group. For magneto-optical disk files that are to be used to read archive images, the group specification must be -g sam_archive. -i information Specified a user information string. The information string is written in the file's label at creation time. Can be up to 159 characters. EXAMPLES Example 1. This example command is used to recover data from a tape-resident archive file at position 286 hexadecimal on DLT volume YYY: request -m lt -v YYY -p 0x286 /sam1/xxx Example 2. This example command shows how to specify multiple VSNs: request -m lt -v YYY/VVV/WWW -p 0x286/0x3f07/0x0x4 /sam1/xox Example 3. This example has the same effect as the command line in Example 2, but it uses the -l option: request -m lt -l vsns /sam1/xox File vsns is as follows: YYY 0x286 VVV 0x3f07 WWW 0x0x4 SEE ALSO basename(1). open(2). mcf(4). NOTES Removable-media files are not supported over NFS. Sun Microsystems Last change: 7 Aug 2001 User Commands sdu(1) NAME sdu - Summarizes disk usage SYNOPSIS sdu [-a] [-b] [-c] [-D] [-h] [--help] [-k] [-l] [-L] [-m] [-s] [-S] [--version] [-x] [file ...] DESCRIPTION This man page describes the GNU version of the du(1) command as enhanced by Sun Microsystems for the Sun StorEdge SAM-FS file system. The sdu command displays the amount of disk space used by each file argument. If file is a directory, the command returns disk space information for each subdirectory of file. If file is a removable media file, the command returns 0 for the size of that file. By default, the space is returned in 1K blocks, but if the POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable is set, 512-byte blocks are reported. The sdu command displays actual disk blocks for online Sun StorEdge SAM-FS files. It also displays an estimate of disk blocks (based on file size) for offline Sun StorEdge SAM-FS files. To get actual disk block usage for both online and offline files, use the du(1) command. OPTIONS This command accepts the following options: -a Displays counts for all files, not just directories. Equivalent to specifying --all. -b Displays sizes in bytes. Equivalent to specifying --bytes. -c Writes a grand total of all of the arguments after all arguments have been processed. This can be used to determine the disk usage of a directory with some files excluded. Equivalent to specifying --total. -D Dereferences symbolic links that are command line arguments. Does not affect other symbolic links. This is helpful for determining the disk usage of directories like /usr/tmp if they are symbolic links. Equivalent to specifying --dereference-args. -h Displays sizes in human-readable format. For example, 1K, 234M, 2G. Equivalent to specifying --human-readable. --help Writes a usage message to standard output and exits successfully. -k Displays sizes in kilobytes. This overrides the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT. Equivalent to specifying --kilobytes. -l Counts the size of all files, even if they have appeared already in another hard link. Equivalent to specifying --count-links. -L Dereferences symbolic links. That is, the command shows the disk space used by the file or directory that the link points to instead of the space used by the link. Equivalent to specifying --dereference. -m Uses 1024-kilobyte blocks, not 512, regardless of the POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable setting. Equivalent to specifying --megabytes. -s Displays only a total for each argument. Equivalent to specifying --summarize. -S Counts the size of each directory separately, not including the sizes of subdirectories. Equivalent to specifying --separate-dirs. --version Displays version information on standard output then exits successfully. -x Skips directories that are on different file systems from the one that the file being processed is on. Equivalent to specifying --one-file-system. file Specifies the file or the path to the file being analyzed. The size is written. If no file is specified, the current directory is used. If more than one file is specified, separate each with a space character. Sun Microsystems Last change: 8 Jul 2002 User Commands segment(1) NAME segment - Sets segment file attributes SYNOPSIS segment [-d] [-f] [-s stage_ahead] [-V] -l segment_size filename ... segment [-d] [-f] [-s stage_ahead] [-V] -l segment_size -r dirname ... [ filename ...] AVAILABILITY SUNWsamfs DESCRIPTION The segment command sets the segment attribute for an existing file. At a minimum, the -l segment_size and the filename must be specified. If a file is segmented, it is archived to and staged from its volumes in segment_size chunks. When file attributes are set on a directory, files and directories subsequently created in that directory inherit those attributes. The segment command is not supported in Sun StorEdge SAM-QFS shared file systems. OPTIONS -d Returns the segment attributes on the file to the default. When -d is specified, attributes are first reset to the default, then other attribute- setting options are processed. It not possible to reset a file that has already been segmented. -f Suppresses errors. -l segment_size Specifies the segment size. The segment_size must be an integer and must be greater than or equal to one megabyte. The integer specified must be followed by k (for kilobytes), m (for megabytes), or g (for gigabytes). For example: -l 1024k This segment size specifies the size at which the file is segmented on the file system for archiving and staging. A file is segmented when it reaches the specified segment size. If a file has already been segmented, the segment size cannot be changed. A pre-existing file cannot be segmented if it exceeds the specified segment size. -s stage_ahead Specifies the number of segments to stage ahead when staging a segmented file. This means when an offline segment is read, in addition to staging the current segment, the next stage_ahead segments are also staged. The default value of stage_ahead is zero, which means there is no stage read ahead. The maximum stage_ahead value is 255. -r Recursively sets the segment file attribute for all files contained in the specified dirname or its subdirectories. -V Enables the verbose display. Displays a message for each file on which attributes are set. NOTES The file system disables quotas at mount time if any of the following files in the file system's root directory are segmented: o .quota_a o .quota_g o .quota_u The -drives directive in the archiver.cmd file specifies the number of drives to use for archiving and staging. The mmap function cannot be carried out on a segmented file. Because of this, a segmented file cannot be an executable binary. Segmentation of files is not supported on a Sun StorEdge SAM-QFS shared file system. A segmented file is automatically striped across several volumes when it is archived if the following conditions are in effect: o More than one drive is available. o The -drives directive is in effect. A segmented file is automatically striped from several volumes when it is staged if the following conditions are in effect: o The file was archived as striped. o More than one drive is available. o The -drives directive is in effect. SEE ALSO stage(1), archive(1), archiver.cmd(4) Sun Microsystems Last change: 29 Apr 2004 User Commands setfa(1) NAME setfa - Sets file attributes SYNOPSIS setfa [-A allocahead[k|m|g]] [-B] [-d] [-D] [-f] [-g stripe_group] [-l length[k|m|g]] [-L length[k|m|g]] [-s stripe] [-V] filename ... AVAILABILITY SUNWsamfs DESCRIPTION The setfa command sets attributes for a new or existing file. The file is created if it does not already exist. When file attributes are set on a directory, files and directories subsequently created in that directory inherit those attributes. OPTIONS This command accepts the following options: -A allocahead Specifies the number of bytes to be allocated ahead of a write to the file. The n must be an integer and must be greater than or equal to one kilobyte and less than 4 terabytes. The n is rounded down to units of kilobytes. The integer specified may be followed by k (for kilobytes), m (for megabytes), or g (for gigabytes). For example: -A 1m This option is only valid for a regular file. This option should be used when writing large files where more sequential allocation is desired. Note, when the file is closed the blocks are reset to the size of the file. -B Permanently clears the direct I/O attribute for this file. This means that data is transferred indirectly between the user's buffer and disk through the system's buffer cache. For more information, see the directio(3C) man page. The SAM-QFS buffered I/O attribute is persistent, remaining until the attribute is reset or the file is destroyed. -d Resets all file attributes to the default attributes. When -d is specified, attributes are first reset to the default, then other attribute-setting options are processed. -D Permanently sets the direct I/O attribute for this file. This means that data is transferred directly between the user's buffer and disk. This attribute should only be set for large, block-aligned, sequential I/O. The default I/O mode is buffered (uses the page cache). Direct I/O is not used if the file is currently memory mapped. For more information, see the directio(3C) man page. The SAM-QFS direct I/O attribute is persistent, remaining until the attribute is reset or the file is destroyed. -f Supresses errors. -g stripe_group Specifies the number of the striped group in which the file is to be allocated first. For stripe_group, specify a number such that 0 < stripe_group < 127 and is a stripe group defined in the file system. If round-robin is set (see the -s option), the file is completely allocated on the designated stripe group. Note that the stripe_group attribute is inherited. It is possible to create a directory and set a stripe group for that directory. Then, all files created in that directory are allocated on the specified stripe group. In the following example, files created in audio are allocated on striped group 0, and files created in video are allocated on stripe group 1: setfa -g 0 -s 0 audio setfa -g 1 -s 0 video -l length Specifies the number of bytes to be preallocated to the file. This can be specified only for a file with no disk blocks assigned. This option is ignored for a directory. If an I/O event attempts to extend a preallocated file, the caller receives an ENXIO error. If an attempt is made to preallocate a file with disk blocks assigned, or a segmented file, the caller receives an EINVAL error. -L length Specifies the number of bytes to be preallocated to the file. The n must be an integer. The integer specified may be followed by k (for kilobytes), m (for megabytes), or g (for gigabytes). For example: -L 1g This option is only valid for a regular file. The L option allocates using standard allocation. This means striping is supported. This also means the file can be extended. The L and l options are mutually exclusive. -q Specifies that this file will be linked to the pseudo character device driver, samaio, for the purpose of issuing async I/O. Note, this option also sets Direct I/O and qwrite. Setting this option may result in greater performance. This option is not valid when applied against certain system files and directories such as lost+found. -r dirname Recursively performs the operation (setting file attributes) for any files contained in the specified dirname or its subdirectories. If no filename is specified, a -r dirname must be specified. -s stripe Specifies the number of allocation units to be allocated before changing to the next unit. If stripe is 1, the file is striped across all units with 1 disk allocation unit (DAU) allocated per unit. If stripe is 0, the file is allocated on one unit until that unit has no space. The default stripe is specified when the file system is mounted. For more information, see mount_samfs(1M)). An Invalid argument message is generated if a stripe > 0 is specified and mismatched stripe groups exist. A stripe group is said to be mismatched if all striped groups do not have the same number of partitions. Striping across mismatched stripe groups is not allowed. -V Enables the verbose display. A message is written for each file on which attributes are set. filename Specifies the file for which attributes are being set. If no -r dirname is specified, a filename must be specified. If -r dirname is specified, a filename specification is optional. SEE ALSO archive(1), release(1), ssum(1), stage(1). mount_samfs(1M). directio(3C). Sun Microsystems Last change: 17 Oct 2005 User Commands sfind(1) NAME sfind - Searches for files in a directory hierarchy SYNOPSIS sfind [path ...] [expression] AVAILABILITY SUNWqfs SUNWsamfs DESCRIPTION The sfind(1) command contains Sun Microsystems extensions to the GNU find(1) command. The extensions support the features of files that reside in Sun StorEdge QFS and Sun StorEdge SAM-FS file systems. The sfind command searches the directory tree rooted at each path by evaluating the specified expression from left to right, according to the rules of precedence. The search continues until the outcome is known (the left hand side is false for and operations, true for or), at which point the sfind command moves on to the next file name. For more information on the rules of precedence, see the OPERATORS section of this man page. The Sun Microsystems extensions to this command include the addition of several tests that reference characteristics specific to files that reside in a Sun StorEdge QFS or Sun StorEdge SAM-FS file system. These tests are as follows: -any_copy_d, -any_copy_r, -any_copy_v, -archdone, -archive_d, -archive_n, -archived, -archpos n, -archpos1 n, -archpos2 n, -archpos3 n, -archpos4 n, -copies n, -copy n, -copy_d n, -copy_r n, -copy_v n, -damaged, -is_setfa_g, -is_setfa_s, -mt media_type, -mt1 media_type, -mt2 media_type, -mt3 media_type, -mt4 media_type, -offline, -online, -ovfl, -ovfl1, -ovfl2, -ovfl3, -ovfl4, -partial_on, -release_a, -release_d, -release_n, -release_p, -rmin n, -rtime n, -sections n, -sections1 n, -sections2 n, -sections3 n, -sections4 n, -segment n, -segment_a, -segment_i, -segment_s, -segmented, -segments n, -setfa_g n, -setfa_s n, -ssum_g, -ssum_u, -ssum_v, -stage_a, -stage_d, -stage_n, -verify, -vsn pattern, -vsn1 pattern, -vsn2 pattern, -vsn3 pattern, -vsn4 pattern, -xmin n, -xtime n. For a comprehensive lists of tests, see the TESTS section of this man page. This command accepts the following options: path Specifies the path to the directory to be searched. If no path is specified, the sfind command searches the current directory. If a path is specified, the path must appear on the command line to the left of the expression argument. If specifying more than one path, separate each with a space character. expression An expression composed from arguments described in the OPTIONS, TESTS, ACTIONS, and OPERATORS sections of this man page. If no expression is specified, -print is used. The expression must begin with one of the following characters: - A dash (-) - An opening parenthesis (() - A closing parenthesis ()) - A comma (,) - An exclamation point (!) Any arguments to the left of the preceding character list are assumed to be paths to search. Any arguments to the right of the preceding character list are assumed to be part of the expression. An expression can be constructed from the following: o Options, which affect overall operation rather than the processing of a specific file. Options always return true. For a list of possible options, see the OPTIONS section. o Tests, which return a true or false value. For a list of possible tests, see the TESTS section. o Actions, which have side effects. Actions return a true or false value. If expression contains no actions other than -prune, the -print action is performed on all files for which the expression is true. For a list of possible actions, see the ACTIONS section. o Operators, which separate options, tests, and actions. For a list of possible operators, see the OPERATORS section. The -and operator is assumed if no operator is specified. OPTIONS An expression can contain one or more options. The options always return true. The available options are as follows: option Action -daystart Measures times for -amin, -atime, -cmin, -ctime, -mmin, and -mtime from the beginning of today rather than from 24 hours ago. -depth Processes each directory's contents before the directory itself. -follow Dereferences symbolic links. Implies the -noleaf option. For more information, see the -noleaf information that follows in this list. -maxdepth levels Descends at most levels levels of directories below the command line arguments. The levels argument muse be a nonnegative integer. If you specify -maxdepth 0, the tests and actions are applied to the command line arguments only. For more information, see the TESTS and ACTIONS sections of this man page. -mindepth levels Prevents any tests or actions from being performed at levels less than levels. The levels argument must be a nonnegative integer. If you specify -mindepth 1, all files except the command line arguments are processed. For more information, see the TESTS and ACTIONS sections of this man page. -noleaf Supresses optimization. When specified, the command does not assume that directories contain 2 fewer subdirectories than their hard link count. This option is needed when searching file systems that do not follow the UNIX directory-link convention. Such file systems include CD-ROM or MS-DOS file systems or AFS volume mount points. Each directory on a typical UNIX file system has at least 2 hard links: its name and its . entry. If subdirectories are present, each of those has a .. entry linked to that directory. When the sfind command examines a directory, after it has statted 2 fewer subdirectories than the directory's link count, it assumes that the rest of the entries in the directory are not directories. That is, the rest of the entries are leaf files in the directory tree. If only the files' names need to be examined, there is no need to stat them; this gives a significant increase in search speed. -test_segments For a segmented file, applies sfind tests to each individual data segment and to the index inode. If a sfind test returns true for a data segment or for a segmented file's index inode, sfind writes the file path, a slash, and the segment number. The number zero is written for the index inode's segment number. The following options always automatically enable the -test_segments option: -segment n, -segment_i, -segment_s. If this option is not specified, and the tests are applied to a segmented file, then the tests are applied at the file-level, and they are aggregated over all data segments. This option has no effect on test results when applied to unsegmented files. For more information, see the TESTS section of this man page. -version Writes the sfind command's version number to standard error. -ractive If the WORM feature is active writes the path of files which are retained and the retention period has not expired. -rover If the WORM feature is active writes the path of files whose retention period has expired. -rafter If the WORM feature is active writes the path of files whose retention period ends after the given date. The date is specified with traditional format CCYYMMDDHHMM. CC is the century, YY is the year, MM is the month, DD is the day, HH is the hour, and MM is minute(s). -rremain