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Date: Tue, 04 Mar 2008 13:46:42 -0800
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Subject: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
To: psarc-ext@sun.com
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I'm sponsoring this case for myself.  It should qualify for patch binding,
though I currently have no intent on delivering in a patch.

The proposal is in the case directory as proposal.txt; the man page is in
materials/nethack.6.

======================================================================

1.  Summary

Nethack[1] is a terminal-based game, based on rogue, in which your
character descends through a dungeon to fight monsters, gain experience,
and eventually capture the Amulet of Yendor and sacrifice it on the altar
of your god in the Astral Plane.


2.  Issues

    2.1 Setgid "games"

    The only inherently interesting issue is that nethack games leave files
    behind that are intended to be shared by multiple players.  This
    includes a shared scoreboard, a logfile, a saved-games directory, and
    "bones" files (remains of characters who have died).  These are best
    shared so that one can compare one's score with others and dig through
    their bones piles.  If these files are put in a directory open to being
    written by the world, it only really affects nethack, but it means it's
    easy for players to cheat -- by restoring saved games, manipulating
    bones files, and so on -- and even to annoy other players.

    Thus I'm proposing the addition of a unix group dedicated to games,
    that the shared directory be owned by group "games", and that nethack
    be installed setgid "games".  This allows users to be unable to
    manipulate these files except through nethack itself.  Any exploits
    that might be possible through this minimal "privilege elevation" would
    be limited only to the contents of /var/games, which is ultimately of
    limited value to the system.

    2.2 Historical UNIX gaming

    I'm proposing to re-introduce section 6 of the manual -- thus
    nethack(6).  However, I'm not proposing to re-introduce /usr/games, as
    that violates serendipitous discovery, and doesn't seem to add any
    value to the system.

3.  Interfaces

    /usr/bin/nethack      Uncommitted        Executable location, CLI
    /usr/lib/nethack      Project Private    Game data directory
    /var/games            Committed          Writeable area for games
    /var/games/nethack    Uncommitted        Writeable area for nethack
    games                 Committed          group name


4.  References

    1  http://www.nethack.org/

From sacadmin Tue Mar  4 13:41:25 2008
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Template Version: @(#)sac_nextcase 1.64 07/13/07 SMI
This information is Copyright 2008 Sun Microsystems
1. Introduction
    1.1. Project/Component Working Name:
	 Nethack 3.4.3
    1.2. Name of Document Author/Supplier:
	 Author:  Danek Duvall
    1.3  Date of This Document:
	04 March, 2008
4. Technical Description
    See the case directory for more detail

6. Resources and Schedule
    6.4. Steering Committee requested information
   	6.4.1. Consolidation C-team Name:
		SFW
    6.5. ARC review type: FastTrack
    6.6. ARC Exposure: open


From Sebastien.Roy@sun.com Wed Mar  5 07:56:26 2008
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2008 10:56:14 -0500
From: Sebastien Roy <Sebastien.Roy@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Danek Duvall wrote:
> 1.  Summary
> 
> Nethack[1] is a terminal-based game, based on rogue, in which your
> character descends through a dungeon to fight monsters, gain experience,
> and eventually capture the Amulet of Yendor and sacrifice it on the altar
> of your god in the Astral Plane.

I'm glad there someone in the OpenSolaris community finally doing some 
important work. ;-)

Nethack evidently supports Gnome and other windowing systems.  Are you 
delivering a nethack with more than just TTY "graphics" enabled?

-Seb

From alan.coopersmith@sun.com Wed Mar  5 08:39:07 2008
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2008 08:38:53 -0800
From: Alan Coopersmith <alan.coopersmith@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Danek Duvall wrote:
>     2.1 Setgid "games"
> 
>     Thus I'm proposing the addition of a unix group dedicated to games,
>     that the shared directory be owned by group "games", and that nethack
>     be installed setgid "games".  This allows users to be unable to
>     manipulate these files except through nethack itself.  Any exploits
>     that might be possible through this minimal "privilege elevation" would
>     be limited only to the contents of /var/games, which is ultimately of
>     limited value to the system.

As a follow-on, the next round of GNOME LSARC cases should probably
switch to using the games group for their games as well, instead of
the "staff" group specified in LSARC/2002/401 for games high-score files.

-- 
	-Alan Coopersmith-           alan.coopersmith@sun.com
	 Sun Microsystems, Inc. - X Window System Engineering

From danek.duvall@sun.com Wed Mar  5 09:09:53 2008
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2008 09:09:41 -0800
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47CEC29E.5070903@sun.com>
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On Wed, Mar 05, 2008 at 10:56:14AM -0500, Sebastien Roy wrote:

> I'm glad there someone in the OpenSolaris community finally doing some 
> important work. ;-)

No kidding.  We've been wasting so much time!

> Nethack evidently supports Gnome and other windowing systems.  Are you 
> delivering a nethack with more than just TTY "graphics" enabled?

I had not planned on it.  I've always considered the GUI bits to be
incredibly lame.  If you want Diablo, buy Diablo (or another 2.5D game
which has much better graphics and sound).  I'd also hate to have a
dependency on graphics libraries for those people who want to install
nethack on their wireless router.  ;-)

Danek (Neutral Human Male Monk)

From danek.duvall@sun.com Wed Mar  5 09:16:09 2008
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2008 09:16:05 -0800
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47CECC9D.9060402@sun.com>
To: Alan Coopersmith <alan.coopersmith@sun.com>
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On Wed, Mar 05, 2008 at 08:38:53AM -0800, Alan Coopersmith wrote:

> As a follow-on, the next round of GNOME LSARC cases should probably
> switch to using the games group for their games as well, instead of
> the "staff" group specified in LSARC/2002/401 for games high-score files.

Ah, I'd been looking for that.  But after noticing that the gnome games
don't *actually* seem to record their scores anywhere, and strings on some
of the games indicate they may be trying to store them under
/usr/var/games, it seemed like that was just incredibly broken, and that a
sane place needed to be created.

Danek

From bart.smaalders@sun.com Wed Mar  5 09:26:50 2008
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2008 09:31:45 -0800
From: Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47CEC29E.5070903@sun.com>
To: Sebastien Roy <Sebastien.Roy@sun.com>
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Sebastien Roy wrote:
> Danek Duvall wrote:
>> 1.  Summary
>>
>> Nethack[1] is a terminal-based game, based on rogue, in which your
>> character descends through a dungeon to fight monsters, gain experience,
>> and eventually capture the Amulet of Yendor and sacrifice it on the altar
>> of your god in the Astral Plane.
> 
> I'm glad there someone in the OpenSolaris community finally doing some 
> important work. ;-)
> 

Many of us old timers rue the day they took our games, fortune files and
compiler away back in Solaris 2.0... we're fixing it bit by bit :-).

- Bart

-- 
Bart Smaalders			Solaris Kernel Performance
barts@cyber.eng.sun.com		http://blogs.sun.com/barts
"You will contribute more with mercurial than with thunderbird."

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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2008 10:41:33 -0800
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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This was approved at PSARC this morning.

Danek

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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2008 21:14:48 -0800
From: Dan Price <dp@eng.sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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On Wed 05 Mar 2008 at 10:41AM, Danek Duvall wrote:
> This was approved at PSARC this morning.

Umm... less than 24 hours available to comment?

I for one would like to see the X11 options turned on in the build.
I have a hard time (brain too old) remembering that "f" means "your cat".

The X11 GUI is very simple, and has, IIRC, minimal dependencies, but
makes a world of difference for people trying to learn the game.
There is also a gnome gui but I was not able to get it to build the
last time I tried.  It'd be really great if both versions were available.
I'd be happy to try to help out, if development cycles are the issue.

Also, are you proposing a general potion-mixing architecture here?

	-dp

-- 
Daniel Price - Solaris Kernel Engineering - dp@eng.sun.com - blogs.sun.com/dp

From danek.duvall@sun.com Wed Mar  5 23:06:48 2008
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2008 23:06:45 -0800
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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On Wed, Mar 05, 2008 at 09:14:48PM -0800, Dan Price wrote:

> Umm... less than 24 hours available to comment?

I'm happy to let it run if you think there are architectural issues to
discuss.  The consensus was that there weren't, but it's conceivable we
were wrong.  :)  I also expect to be waiting some time for legal approval,
so if there are issues, there's time before integration to raise them.

> I for one would like to see the X11 options turned on in the build.
> I have a hard time (brain too old) remembering that "f" means "your cat".

Yeah, I bet you can't read the pictures in The Matrix, either.  Perhaps if
you played more -- maybe four or five hours a day -- it would sink in a bit
more.  ;-)

> The X11 GUI is very simple, and has, IIRC, minimal dependencies, but
> makes a world of difference for people trying to learn the game.
> There is also a gnome gui but I was not able to get it to build the
> last time I tried.  It'd be really great if both versions were available.
> I'd be happy to try to help out, if development cycles are the issue.

I doubt it would take much time, honestly.  I just never believed that the
GUIs were useful, or pretty.  Like I said to one commenter, if you want to
play Diablo, play Diablo (and we should see if that's remotely possible
under virtualbox) -- it's a much better experience.

I don't think this is an architectural issue (I'm not really that concerned
about putting nethack on systems where X has been minimized out), so I
suggest we can take it offline.  If there are other folks who really want a
GUI for this, lemme know privately.

> Also, are you proposing a general potion-mixing architecture here?

No.  The potions in nethack, sadly, aren't compliant with the latest potion
RFCs (I forget the numbers offhand), so it's kinda off in the weeds in that
regard.  You won't be able to import nethack bones files, say, into GIMP in
order to use a paintbrush dipped in a potion of hallucination.  There are
simply better ways to get that effect.  And forget scroll sharing -- Google
has made the once-expensive scroll of magic mapping dirt cheap, but the
shopkeepers still jack up the zorkmids.

Danek

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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2008 08:53:00 -0800
From: Dan Price <dp@eng.sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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On Wed 05 Mar 2008 at 11:06PM, Danek Duvall wrote:
> I doubt it would take much time, honestly.  I just never believed that the
> GUIs were useful, or pretty.  Like I said to one commenter, if you want to
> play Diablo, play Diablo (and we should see if that's remotely possible
> under virtualbox) -- it's a much better experience.

No, I don't want to play Diablo... it's not part of my adolescent games
reminiscence.

> I don't think this is an architectural issue (I'm not really that concerned
> about putting nethack on systems where X has been minimized out), so I
> suggest we can take it offline.  If there are other folks who really want a
> GUI for this, lemme know privately.

Well, you're registering pathnames with the ARC, so I thought it
appropriate.

> > Also, are you proposing a general potion-mixing architecture here?
> 
> No.  The potions in nethack, sadly, aren't compliant with the latest potion
> RFCs (I forget the numbers offhand), so it's kinda off in the weeds in that
> regard.  You won't be able to import nethack bones files, say, into GIMP in
> order to use a paintbrush dipped in a potion of hallucination.  There are
> simply better ways to get that effect.  And forget scroll sharing -- Google
> has made the once-expensive scroll of magic mapping dirt cheap, but the
> shopkeepers still jack up the zorkmids.

Elbereth!

        -dp

-- 
Daniel Price - Solaris Kernel Engineering - dp@eng.sun.com - blogs.sun.com/dp

From jek3@sun.com Fri Mar  7 13:58:34 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 11:56:09 -1000
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OK, this is approved, so this is just a comment.

I'm also not questioning if this should be included or not (but if it is 
included as
a throwback to old UNIX nostalgia, where is "fortune"?  :-) )

Danek Duvall wrote:
> 3.  Interfaces
>
>     /usr/bin/nethack      Uncommitted        Executable location, CLI
>     /usr/lib/nethack      Project Private    Game data directory
>     /var/games            Committed          Writeable area for games
>     /var/games/nethack    Uncommitted        Writeable area for nethack
>     games                 Committed          group name
>   
 From filesystem(5):

     /usr/games

         An empty directory,  a  remnant  of  the  SunOS  4.0/4.1
         software.

So, /usr/games is an imported interface, abet with a lame semantic.  That's
however somewhat the nit of all nits.

Now, if I remember right (and I may not), this was the "bin" equivalent for
games.  If that's true, shouldn't this be place for nethack, the executable?

If that doesn't convince you, perhaps the fact that the place this is 
found on Linux
(specifically Ubuntu) is /usr/games. Aren't we supposed to be *all* 
about compatibility
(when possible) with Linux?

As an aside, I was rather surprised about all the variants of nethack
available on Ubuntu's repository.  EMACs, lisp, qt, X11, gnome,...
just to name a few. I was disappointed to find out that jnethack was the
Japanese version rather than a Java version.

Anyway, in the interest of Linux compatibility I'd encourage the
project team to follow that (somewhat big) rule.

(Note: Ubuntu has no /usr/bin/foo -> ../games/foo links. Ignore the
fact that /usr/games seems to be in the default path.)

I didn't look where Ubuntu (et.al.) places hethack datafiles and such.
Where ever they place them, we should just do the same.

- thanks for listening,

- jek3



From danek.duvall@sun.com Fri Mar  7 14:09:39 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 14:09:33 -0800
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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On Fri, Mar 07, 2008 at 11:56:09AM -1000, Joseph Kowalski wrote:

> I'm also not questioning if this should be included or not (but if it is
> included as a throwback to old UNIX nostalgia, where is "fortune"?  :-) )

Bart's promised to integrate it, once has a spare cycle or two.

> Now, if I remember right (and I may not), this was the "bin" equivalent
> for games.  If that's true, shouldn't this be place for nethack, the
> executable?

It was true, and it's something the Linux folks have taken up, but I think
it's a poor place, in a world where we're studiously trying to avoid
ghettoizing components for no good reason.  Linux compatibility here is
irrelevant.  I just don't see a good reason to put anything under
/usr/games.

Perhaps we can ship by default with a bones file of a player called
"/usr/games".

Danek

From carlsonj@phorcys.east.sun.com Fri Mar  7 14:27:08 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 17:27:01 -0500
From: James Carlson <james.d.carlson@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <20080307220933.GW9130@zruty.sfbay.sun.com>
To: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
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Danek Duvall writes:
> > Now, if I remember right (and I may not), this was the "bin" equivalent
> > for games.  If that's true, shouldn't this be place for nethack, the
> > executable?
> 
> It was true, and it's something the Linux folks have taken up, but I think
> it's a poor place, in a world where we're studiously trying to avoid
> ghettoizing components for no good reason.

I don't think that's accurate.  The /usr/sfw ghetto was created on
essentially irrelevant grounds: that the source was somehow "foreign"
because it was maintained by a non-Sun employee.  Using Sun's org
chart was really a poor way to design a system, and we've thankfully
given that up.

That doesn't mean, though, that the fundamental nature of what the
executable in question does is out of bounds.  If it's a system daemon
that nobody should ordinarily start by hand, we'll probably want it
under /usr/lib.  If it's an administrative tool, it goes under
/usr/sbin.  If it's needed before root is mounted ...

That's quite different from asking who wrote the code or other
non-architectural questions, so I think Joe's note about the meaning
of /usr/games is on point, if maybe archaic.

>  Linux compatibility here is
> irrelevant.

!

>  I just don't see a good reason to put anything under
> /usr/games.

I agree with that.  We've got lots of games in other places, so it
seems rather pointless to try to get that bit of purity back.

-- 
James Carlson, Solaris Networking              <james.d.carlson@sun.com>
Sun Microsystems / 35 Network Drive        71.232W   Vox +1 781 442 2084
MS UBUR02-212 / Burlington MA 01803-2757   42.496N   Fax +1 781 442 1677

From jek3@sun.com Fri Mar  7 14:53:50 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 12:51:23 -1000
From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <20080307220933.GW9130@zruty.sfbay.sun.com>
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Danek Duvall wrote:
> On Fri, Mar 07, 2008 at 11:56:09AM -1000, Joseph Kowalski wrote:
>
>   
>> I'm also not questioning if this should be included or not (but if it is
>> included as a throwback to old UNIX nostalgia, where is "fortune"?  :-) )
>>     
>
> Bart's promised to integrate it, once has a spare cycle or two.
>
>   
>> Now, if I remember right (and I may not), this was the "bin" equivalent
>> for games.  If that's true, shouldn't this be place for nethack, the
>> executable?
>>     
>
> It was true, and it's something the Linux folks have taken up, but I think
> it's a poor place, in a world where we're studiously trying to avoid
> ghettoizing components for no good reason.  Linux compatibility here is
> irrelevant.  I just don't see a good reason to put anything under
> /usr/games.
>
> Perhaps we can ship by default with a bones file of a player called
> "/usr/games".
>
> Danek
>   
I'm really surprised at this.  We (Solaris) often get accused of NIH 
attitudes.  In
most cases, we can deflect that accusation because of pre-existing 
conventions.
Here we have a chance to not only be compatible with Linux, but even 
SunOS4.1.
(Of course, the root of all of this is ucb.)

Oh well.  As I said, I lost my chance to influence this choice.

Bart's "fortune" integration may not be so fortunate.  (If it 
happens,... Sorry Bart.)

- jek3


--Boundary_(ID_6Tqlh79rC3JDiKA061teAw)
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
  <meta content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type">
</head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000">
Danek Duvall wrote:
<blockquote cite="mid:20080307220933.GW9130@zruty.sfbay.sun.com"
 type="cite">
  <pre wrap="">On Fri, Mar 07, 2008 at 11:56:09AM -1000, Joseph Kowalski wrote:

  </pre>
  <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="">I'm also not questioning if this should be included or not (but if it is
included as a throwback to old UNIX nostalgia, where is "fortune"?  :-) )
    </pre>
  </blockquote>
  <pre wrap=""><!---->
Bart's promised to integrate it, once has a spare cycle or two.

  </pre>
  <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="">Now, if I remember right (and I may not), this was the "bin" equivalent
for games.  If that's true, shouldn't this be place for nethack, the
executable?
    </pre>
  </blockquote>
  <pre wrap=""><!---->
It was true, and it's something the Linux folks have taken up, but I think
it's a poor place, in a world where we're studiously trying to avoid
ghettoizing components for no good reason.  Linux compatibility here is
irrelevant.  I just don't see a good reason to put anything under
/usr/games.

Perhaps we can ship by default with a bones file of a player called
"/usr/games".

Danek
  </pre>
</blockquote>
I'm really surprised at this.&nbsp; We (Solaris) often get accused of NIH
attitudes.&nbsp; In<br>
most cases, we can deflect that accusation because of pre-existing
conventions.<br>
Here we have a chance to not only be compatible with Linux, but even
SunOS4.1.<br>
(Of course, the root of all of this is ucb.)<br>
<br>
Oh well.&nbsp; As I said, I lost my chance to influence this choice.<br>
<br>
Bart's "fortune" integration may not be so fortunate.&nbsp; (If it
happens,... Sorry Bart.)<br>
<br>
- jek3<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>

--Boundary_(ID_6Tqlh79rC3JDiKA061teAw)--

From jek3@sun.com Fri Mar  7 15:01:55 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 12:59:35 -1000
From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <18385.49461.525604.11873@gargle.gargle.HOWL>
To: James Carlson <james.d.carlson@sun.com>
Cc: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>, PSARC-ext@sun.com
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James Carlson wrote:
> ...
>  so I think Joe's note about the meaning
> of /usr/games is on point, if maybe archaic.
>   
At least Jim didn't say I was archaic...    :-)
>>  I just don't see a good reason to put anything under
>> /usr/games.
>>     
>
> I agree with that.  We've got lots of games in other places, so it
> seems rather pointless to try to get that bit of purity back.
>   
Uh, if you look at Linux/Gnome distributions, you will find the gnome games
that we have hidden somewhere are in /usr/games on Linux.

We've just already shown that we have an NIH attitude.  (Well actually, this
is more do from JDS being a separate product for a short time.)

- jek3


From danek.duvall@sun.com Fri Mar  7 16:00:46 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 16:00:40 -0800
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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On Fri, Mar 07, 2008 at 12:51:23PM -1000, Joseph Kowalski wrote:

> I'm really surprised at this.  We (Solaris) often get accused of NIH
> attitudes.  In most cases, we can deflect that accusation because of
> pre-existing conventions.  Here we have a chance to not only be
> compatible with Linux, but even SunOS4.1.  (Of course, the root of all of
> this is ucb.)

What's the *point* of /usr/games?  If I file an "Obsolete /usr/games" case,
would you be any happier?

Danek

From jek3@sun.com Fri Mar  7 16:08:20 2008
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From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Danek Duvall wrote:
> What's the *point* of /usr/games?
See Jim's mail on "sorting by functionality".

The bigger issue is being gratuitously different than other UNIXs.
> If I file an "Obsolete /usr/games" case,
> would you be any happier?
>   
No. That would be a waste of time.

- jek3



From Alan.Coopersmith@sun.com Fri Mar  7 16:36:04 2008
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Danek Duvall wrote:
> On Fri, Mar 07, 2008 at 12:51:23PM -1000, Joseph Kowalski wrote:
> 
>> I'm really surprised at this.  We (Solaris) often get accused of NIH
>> attitudes.  In most cases, we can deflect that accusation because of
>> pre-existing conventions.  Here we have a chance to not only be
>> compatible with Linux, but even SunOS4.1.  (Of course, the root of all of
>> this is ucb.)
> 
> What's the *point* of /usr/games?  

So you can find the games quickly, without having to guess what in
/usr/bin would be fun to run.  (nethack really sounds more like a
network intrusion or debugging tool than a game if you don't already
know it.)

-- 
	-Alan Coopersmith-           alan.coopersmith@sun.com
	 Sun Microsystems, Inc. - X Window System Engineering


From Danek.Duvall@sun.com Fri Mar  7 16:53:28 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 16:53:22 -0800
From: Danek Duvall <Danek.Duvall@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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On Fri, Mar 07, 2008 at 02:03:10PM -1000, Joseph Kowalski wrote:

> Danek Duvall wrote:
>> What's the *point* of /usr/games?
> See Jim's mail on "sorting by functionality".

Yeah, I saw that.  I can see the point of separating out some stuff into
/usr/sbin, I can definitely see /usr/lib.  But everything else?  Why not
have a separate directory for "things Joe likes to run on Mondays"?

> The bigger issue is being gratuitously different than other UNIXs.

And I don't see what downside this difference makes.  It makes it easier to
find on Solaris.  I suppose if you have a script that depends on
/usr/games/nethack being portable across all platforms you run it on then
yes, we're annoying you, but you're scraping the bottom of the barrel if
that's your reasoning.

>> If I file an "Obsolete /usr/games" case, would you be any happier?
>
> No. That would be a waste of time.

More than this thread has become?

Danek

From gdamore@sun.com Fri Mar  7 16:57:44 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 16:55:22 -0800
From: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Joseph Kowalski wrote:
> Danek Duvall wrote:
>> What's the *point* of /usr/games?
> See Jim's mail on "sorting by functionality".
>
> The bigger issue is being gratuitously different than other UNIXs.
>> If I file an "Obsolete /usr/games" case,
>> would you be any happier?
>>   
> No. That would be a waste of time.

Isn't that the *point* of games, by definition?  (Ignoring for the 
moment games where wagering is involved....)

    -- Garrett


From gdamore@sun.com Fri Mar  7 17:04:25 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 17:02:02 -0800
From: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Alan Coopersmith wrote:
> Danek Duvall wrote:
>   
>> On Fri, Mar 07, 2008 at 12:51:23PM -1000, Joseph Kowalski wrote:
>>
>>     
>>> I'm really surprised at this.  We (Solaris) often get accused of NIH
>>> attitudes.  In most cases, we can deflect that accusation because of
>>> pre-existing conventions.  Here we have a chance to not only be
>>> compatible with Linux, but even SunOS4.1.  (Of course, the root of all of
>>> this is ucb.)
>>>       
>> What's the *point* of /usr/games?  
>>     
>
> So you can find the games quickly, without having to guess what in
> /usr/bin would be fun to run.  (nethack really sounds more like a
> network intrusion or debugging tool than a game if you don't already
> know it.)
>   

I think you're missing the point of nethack.  The point is to tie up the 
cycles of certain people (lets call them script-kiddies)  so their spent 
in a harmless diversion *rather* than hacking your network. :-)

    -- Garrett


From bart.smaalders@sun.com Fri Mar  7 17:08:39 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 17:13:38 -0800
From: Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47D1D7BE.1010500@sun.com>
To: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
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Joseph Kowalski wrote:
> Danek Duvall wrote:
>> What's the *point* of /usr/games?
> See Jim's mail on "sorting by functionality".
> 
> The bigger issue is being gratuitously different than other UNIXs.
>> If I file an "Obsolete /usr/games" case,
>> would you be any happier?
>>   
> No. That would be a waste of time.


/usr/bin/ contains:

gnect
gnibbles
gnobots
gnome-sudoku
gnotravex
gnomine
gnotski

It will soon contain nethack.

Partitioning by functionality.... that's why we used to put
the software development tools into /usr/ccs/bin, right?
That's why PSARC wanted /usr/proc/bin, right?

Putting things in different directories doesn't help
anyone.

- Bart


-- 
Bart Smaalders			Solaris Kernel Performance
barts@cyber.eng.sun.com		http://blogs.sun.com/barts
"You will contribute more with mercurial than with thunderbird."

From jek3@sun.com Fri Mar  7 17:22:31 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 15:20:07 -1000
From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Danek Duvall wrote:
> Yeah, I saw that.  I can see the point of separating out some stuff into
> /usr/sbin, I can definitely see /usr/lib.  But everything else?  Why not
> have a separate directory for "things Joe likes to run on Mondays"?
>   
I'll point out there is a separate place for such things.  It's called 
$HOME.

And please get it right, its Tuedays.  :-)

And as I said, the discussion of separation by usage class (or whatever) is
interesting, and we've had that discussion before and we will probably see
it again.  The much more important thing is familiarity for Linux users.
>> The bigger issue is being gratuitously different than other UNIXs.
>>     
>
> And I don't see what downside this difference makes.  It makes it easier to
> find on Solaris.  I suppose if you have a script that depends on
> /usr/games/nethack being portable across all platforms you run it on then
> yes, we're annoying you, but you're scraping the bottom of the barrel if
> that's your reasoning.
>   
No. Its about familiarity.

BTW: If nothing else, could you not overload the existing /usr/games 
with a new
semantic? Now we are faced with somebody who is used to finding the game
executables in the familiar place and finding something else there entirely.
>>> If I file an "Obsolete /usr/games" case, would you be any happier?
>>>       
>> No. That would be a waste of time.
>>     
>
> More than this thread has become?
>   
Well, I'm sorry, but I actually believe this is important.  I believe we 
have been
given direction to be as "familiar" as possible with respect to Linux.  
I personally
felt that this whole concept, although a good one, was taken too far.  
However,
I am bound to either "agree and commit, disagree and commit, or get out 
of the
way".  I thought this was what we were all bound to do.

Danek, I have the upmost respect for you.  If we are to discuss things 
at this
level, we should probably talk rather than risk alienating each other.

- jek3


From jek3@sun.com Fri Mar  7 17:36:59 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 15:34:29 -1000
From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47D1E842.6080800@Sun.COM>
To: Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>
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Bart Smaalders wrote:
> /usr/bin/ contains:
>
> gnect
> gnibbles
> gnobots
> gnome-sudoku
> gnotravex
> gnomine
> gnotski
Thanks for the information.

It provides more justification that we are just giving lipservice to
Linux familiarity.  We "just know better", more politely termed NIH.

Yes, Jim did talk about sorting by some arbitrary criteria.  As I
said in my last mail, there are several camps around this and we
will have this discussion again and again.  Its not the important
issue, Linux familiarity is.

It is interesting to note, that the discussion often is about
what (historically and somewhat well defined semanticall) "bin"
something belongs in.  I seem to recall a lot of items which seemed
to be fit in /usr/sbin (by the endorsed semantic) were proposed
to be placed in /usr/bin, because that's where they can be found
on Linux.

Rules that can be applied on a situational basis, are not rules at all.

- jek3


From bart.smaalders@sun.com Fri Mar  7 17:50:17 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 17:55:14 -0800
From: Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47D1ED25.3010809@sun.com>
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Joseph Kowalski wrote:
> Bart Smaalders wrote:
>> /usr/bin/ contains:
>>
>> gnect
>> gnibbles
>> gnobots
>> gnome-sudoku
>> gnotravex
>> gnomine
>> gnotski
> Thanks for the information.
> 
> It provides more justification that we are just giving lipservice to
> Linux familiarity.  We "just know better", more politely termed NIH.
> 
> Yes, Jim did talk about sorting by some arbitrary criteria.  As I
> said in my last mail, there are several camps around this and we
> will have this discussion again and again.  Its not the important
> issue, Linux familiarity is.
> 
> It is interesting to note, that the discussion often is about
> what (historically and somewhat well defined semanticall) "bin"
> something belongs in.  I seem to recall a lot of items which seemed
> to be fit in /usr/sbin (by the endorsed semantic) were proposed
> to be placed in /usr/bin, because that's where they can be found
> on Linux.

No.

We tried to come to some sort of closure on this when someone derailed
my nmap case, and articulate a clear set of rules... but it was insisted
upon that the case not set precedent.

As far as I'm concerned, the logic is simple:

1) if only root can use the command, it belongs in /usr/sbin which is
in root's default path.

2) If the command is generally useful, it belongs in /usr/bin.

> 
> Rules that can be applied on a situational basis, are not rules at all.

Yes.... and I remember vehement arguments that /usr/sbin was supposed
to have all system admin commands, all dangerous commands, etc.

Indexing commands by directory isn't very useful; it's only a single 
dimension.
What about X games vs curses games vs OpenGL games?

As we repeatedly discussed during the Enabling Serendipitous Discovery case,
placing commands in separate directories does very little good, and tends to
do harm.

- Bart


-- 
Bart Smaalders			Solaris Kernel Performance
barts@cyber.eng.sun.com		http://blogs.sun.com/barts
"You will contribute more with mercurial than with thunderbird."

From danek.duvall@sun.com Fri Mar  7 18:56:15 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 18:56:10 -0800
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47D1E9C7.6060007@sun.com>
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On Fri, Mar 07, 2008 at 03:20:07PM -1000, Joseph Kowalski wrote:

> I'll point out there is a separate place for such things.  It's called 
> $HOME.
>
> And please get it right, its Tuedays.  :-)
>
> And as I said, the discussion of separation by usage class (or whatever) is
> interesting, and we've had that discussion before and we will probably see
> it again.

I really hope not.  Bart's flip responose was better than mine.  Do we want
/usr/editors?  /usr/terminal-emulators?  Would you prefer that we'd never
linked the java executable into /usr/bin?

I really don't see the value of siloing executables by what kinds of things
they are, aside from project-private executables and those that only people
with privilege would ever find useful (and I mean ever).

> The much more important thing is familiarity for Linux users.

Definitely.  But I think you can take that too far.

> BTW: If nothing else, could you not overload the existing /usr/games with a 
> new semantic? Now we are faced with somebody who is used to finding the
> game executables in the familiar place and finding something else there 
> entirely.

So, for example, Ubuntu ships the nethack executable as
/usr/games/nethack-console.  Gentoo installs it in /usr/games/bin/nethack.
Fedora Core 8 ships it as /usr/bin/nethack.  Which of those are you most
familiar with?

There are loads of places in Linux where they're either inconsistent or
just plain broken.  I don't think we have to slavishly follow someone else
when they're clearly not leading.

>> More than this thread has become?

I apologize for this.  You certainly didn't deserve that.

> Well, I'm sorry, but I actually believe this is important.  I believe we
> have been given direction to be as "familiar" as possible with respect to
> Linux.  I personally felt that this whole concept, although a good one,
> was taken too far.  However, I am bound to either "agree and commit,
> disagree and commit, or get out of the way".  I thought this was what we
> were all bound to do.

It's not a black-and-white situation -- "familiarity with Linux" isn't a
perfectly clear thing that you can actually agree and commit to (or not).
In a very narrow view, though, I would expect familiarity to be less about
perfect path mimicry than it is about easily finding various components
that you're used to.  That is, things are available, and not hidden.  I
would expect people to be far more likely to invoke nethack as "nethack"
than as "/usr/games/nethack" or whatever else, and putting executables in
/usr/bin if there's no reason to put them elsewhere seems like a great way
to make everyone happy.

Danek

From jek3@sun.com Fri Mar  7 19:13:37 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 17:11:11 -1000
From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47D1F202.5030308@Sun.COM>
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Bart Smaalders wrote:
> No.
>
> We tried to come to some sort of closure on this when someone derailed
> my nmap case, and articulate a clear set of rules... but it was insisted
> upon that the case not set precedent.
>
> As far as I'm concerned, the logic is simple:
>
> 1) if only root can use the command, it belongs in /usr/sbin which is
> in root's default path.
>
> 2) If the command is generally useful, it belongs in /usr/bin.
I understand.  Unfortunately your view did not carry the majority.  Get 
over it
or try again.  The existing semantic holds.
>>
>> Rules that can be applied on a situational basis, are not rules at all.
>
> Yes.... and I remember vehement arguments that /usr/sbin was supposed
> to have all system admin commands, all dangerous commands, etc.
>
> Indexing commands by directory isn't very useful; it's only a single 
> dimension.
> What about X games vs curses games vs OpenGL games?
>
> As we repeatedly discussed during the Enabling Serendipitous Discovery 
> case,
> placing commands in separate directories does very little good, and 
> tends to
> do harm.
OK.

You and Danek seem to be dogging the issue.

Linux familiarity trumps our internal views about "bin" semantics.

- jek3




From jek3@sun.com Fri Mar  7 20:01:52 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 17:59:32 -1000
From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Danek Duvall wrote:
>> BTW: If nothing else, could you not overload the existing /usr/games with a 
>> new semantic? Now we are faced with somebody who is used to finding the
>> game executables in the familiar place and finding something else there 
>> entirely.
>>     
>
> So, for example, Ubuntu ships the nethack executable as
> /usr/games/nethack-console.  Gentoo installs it in /usr/games/bin/nethack.
> Fedora Core 8 ships it as /usr/bin/nethack.  Which of those are you most
> familiar with?
>
> There are loads of places in Linux where they're either inconsistent or
> just plain broken.  I don't think we have to slavishly follow someone else
> when they're clearly not leading.
>   
OK.

Perhaps I have taken this too far, maybe not, but this does make my doubt my
absolute statements.

I checked Ubuntu.  We know where they installed them.  (IMHO, its the 
directory
is the significant point, not the specific name).

I know where SunOS 4 installed them.  Maybe that's not familiar to 
anybody without
a Sun badge this decade.

I'm pretty sure that /usr/games is also where ucb installes them.

Debian is just as Ubuntu.  Why am I not surprised?

I thought this indicated that there was consistency across UNIX.  It appears
I was wrong.

You cite Gentoo: /usr/games/bin.  That's a new variation of /usr/games, 
but it
still seems familiar.

You cite Fedora Core 8 as using /usr/bin.  That's doesn't seem to have 
the familiarity
I was asserting and is consistent with your proposal.  (It seems that I 
didn't install
the games on any of my RedHat installations, but its probably a good 
guess that its
the same as Fedora.)

SuSE?  I don't have a clue.  Does anybody know?

Humm, what about the FHS/LSB, my favorite document....
>
>
>     Requirements
>
> The following directories, or symbolic links to directories, are 
> required in /usr.
>
> Directory 	Description
> bin 	Most user commands
> include 	Header files included by C programs
> lib 	Libraries
> local 	Local hierarchy (empty after main installation)
> sbin 	Non-vital system binaries
> share 	Architecture-independent data
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>     Specific Options
>
> Directory 	Description
> X11R6 	XWindow System, version 11 release 6 (optional)
> games 	Games and educational binaries (optional)
> lib<qual> 	Alternate Format Libraries (optional)
> src 	Source code (optional)
>
This is clear that /usr/games is optional.  I don't believe this is a 
requirement
of "if there are games, they  should be in in /usr/games".  Rather, I 
think this
is the reverse: "if there is a /usr/games, this is its semantic".  Since 
we have
a /usr/games ...

So, my question is "is there enough consistency to attempt to be 
familiar on enough
platforms?".  I'm now not sure, but it still seems to be enough 
consistency.

(I don't know what RedHat share numbers are, but by themselves they 
could make this
non-familiar for enough people - its about the number of eyeballs, not 
the number of distros.
RedHat has far more delgates at this particular convention...)

- jek3








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Danek Duvall wrote:<br>
<blockquote cite="mid:20080308025610.GA16041@zruty.sfbay.sun.com"
 type="cite">
  <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="">BTW: If nothing else, could you not overload the existing /usr/games with a 
new semantic? Now we are faced with somebody who is used to finding the
game executables in the familiar place and finding something else there 
entirely.
    </pre>
  </blockquote>
  <pre wrap=""><!---->
So, for example, Ubuntu ships the nethack executable as
/usr/games/nethack-console.  Gentoo installs it in /usr/games/bin/nethack.
Fedora Core 8 ships it as /usr/bin/nethack.  Which of those are you most
familiar with?

There are loads of places in Linux where they're either inconsistent or
just plain broken.  I don't think we have to slavishly follow someone else
when they're clearly not leading.
  </pre>
</blockquote>
OK.<br>
<br>
Perhaps I have taken this too far, maybe not, but this does make my
doubt my<br>
absolute statements.<br>
<br>
I checked Ubuntu.&nbsp; We know where they installed them.&nbsp; (IMHO, its the
directory<br>
is the significant point, not the specific name).<br>
<br>
I know where SunOS 4 installed them.&nbsp; Maybe that's not familiar to
anybody without<br>
a Sun badge this decade.<br>
<br>
I'm pretty sure that /usr/games is also where ucb installes them.<br>
<br>
Debian is just as Ubuntu.&nbsp; Why am I not surprised?<br>
<br>
I thought this indicated that there was consistency across UNIX.&nbsp; It
appears<br>
I was wrong.<br>
<br>
You cite Gentoo: /usr/games/bin.&nbsp; That's a new variation of /usr/games,
but it<br>
still seems familiar.<br>
<br>
You cite Fedora Core 8 as using /usr/bin.&nbsp; That's doesn't seem to have
the familiarity<br>
I was asserting and is consistent with your proposal.&nbsp; (It seems that I
didn't install<br>
the games on any of my RedHat installations, but its probably a good
guess that its<br>
the same as Fedora.)<br>
<br>
SuSE?&nbsp; I don't have a clue.&nbsp; Does anybody know?<br>
<br>
Humm, what about the FHS/LSB, my favorite document....<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
  <h2 class="SECTION"><a name="REQUIREMENTS9">Requirements</a></h2>
  <p>The following directories, or symbolic links to directories, are
required in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr</tt>.</p>
  <div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a name="AEN1223"></a>
  <table class="CALSTABLE" frame="void" border="0">
    <col><col><thead><tr>
      <th>Directory</th>
      <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    </thead><tbody>
      <tr>
        <td><tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt></td>
        <td>Most user commands</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td><tt class="FILENAME">include</tt></td>
        <td>Header files included by C programs</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td><tt class="FILENAME">lib</tt></td>
        <td>Libraries</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td><tt class="FILENAME">local</tt></td>
        <td>Local hierarchy (empty after main installation)</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td><tt class="FILENAME">sbin</tt></td>
        <td>Non-vital system binaries</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td><tt class="FILENAME">share</tt></td>
        <td>Architecture-independent data</td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  </div>
  <hr>
  <h2 class="SECTION"><a name="SPECIFICOPTIONS9">Specific Options</a></h2>
  <a name="AEN1256"></a>
  <table class="CALSTABLE" frame="void" border="0">
    <col><col><thead><tr>
      <th>Directory</th>
      <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    </thead><tbody>
      <tr>
        <td><tt class="FILENAME">X11R6</tt></td>
        <td>XWindow System, version 11 release 6 (optional)</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td><tt class="FILENAME">games</tt></td>
        <td>Games and educational binaries (optional)</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td><tt class="FILENAME">lib&lt;qual&gt;</tt></td>
        <td>Alternate Format Libraries (optional)</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td><tt class="FILENAME">src</tt></td>
        <td>Source code (optional)</td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</blockquote>
This is clear that /usr/games is optional.&nbsp; I don't believe this is a
requirement<br>
of "if there are games, they&nbsp; should be in in /usr/games".&nbsp; Rather, I
think this<br>
is the reverse: "if there is a /usr/games, this is its semantic".&nbsp;
Since we have<br>
a /usr/games ...<br>
<br>
So, my question is "is there enough consistency to attempt to be
familiar on enough<br>
platforms?".&nbsp; I'm now not sure, but it still seems to be enough
consistency. <br>
<br>
(I don't know what RedHat share numbers are, but by themselves they
could make this<br>
non-familiar for enough people - its about the number of eyeballs, not
the number of distros.<br>
RedHat has far more delgates at this particular convention...)<br>
<br>
- jek3<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>

--Boundary_(ID_QI8mLfSjVTS7xcQYsjZQbg)--

From John.Plocher@sun.com Fri Mar  7 20:09:49 2008
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2008 20:09:35 -0800
From: John Plocher <John.Plocher@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Joseph Kowalski wrote:
> Linux familiarity trumps our internal views about "bin" semantics.


Speaking of Linux Distro Hell...

    ... *which* linux are you trying to be familiar with?

That's the nice thing about linux distros, you can always fine one
to use as an example to prove whatever point you are trying to make.

The key point here is "on linux, it is generally extremely easy
to find, get and use almost anything that is being developed
in the FOSS world, and on Solaris, it isn't."

We're not trying to emulate any one distro, but to enable this
"I wanted <foo>, so I went and got it and now I'm using it; wow
that was easy" customer reaction.

Lets not get lost in the weeds...

    -John

From binarycrusader@gmail.com Sat Mar  8 10:02:47 2008
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From: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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On Fri, Mar 7, 2008 at 7:55 PM, Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com> wrote:
> Joseph Kowalski wrote:
>  > Bart Smaalders wrote:
>  >> /usr/bin/ contains:
>  >>
>  >> gnect
>  >> gnibbles
>  >> gnobots
>  >> gnome-sudoku
>  >> gnotravex
>  >> gnomine
>  >> gnotski
>  > Thanks for the information.
>  >
>  > It provides more justification that we are just giving lipservice to
>  > Linux familiarity.  We "just know better", more politely termed NIH.
>  >
>  > Yes, Jim did talk about sorting by some arbitrary criteria.  As I
>  > said in my last mail, there are several camps around this and we
>  > will have this discussion again and again.  Its not the important
>  > issue, Linux familiarity is.
>  >
>  > It is interesting to note, that the discussion often is about
>  > what (historically and somewhat well defined semanticall) "bin"
>  > something belongs in.  I seem to recall a lot of items which seemed
>  > to be fit in /usr/sbin (by the endorsed semantic) were proposed
>  > to be placed in /usr/bin, because that's where they can be found
>  > on Linux.
>
>  No.
>
>  We tried to come to some sort of closure on this when someone derailed
>  my nmap case, and articulate a clear set of rules... but it was insisted
>  upon that the case not set precedent.
>
>  As far as I'm concerned, the logic is simple:
>
>  1) if only root can use the command, it belongs in /usr/sbin which is
>  in root's default path.

Don't you mean "if only a privileged user"? :-)

>  2) If the command is generally useful, it belongs in /usr/bin.
<snip>
>  As we repeatedly discussed during the Enabling Serendipitous Discovery case,
>  placing commands in separate directories does very little good, and tends to
>  do harm.

The only thing that bothers me about it is the inevitable naming
conflicts and the slow, but inevitable performance degradation, and
information overload caused by having tens of thousands of executables
all in the same directory.

The whole /usr/bin thing on GNU/Linux distributions is something I've
never been happy about since I started using it in 1995/1996.

However, most GNU/Linux folks seem to treat $PATH as anathema. I'm not
sure how to have a well organised system and avoid using $PATH at the
same time if everything is going to get dumped in /usr/bin.

Most of the time, if I'm running a game, it isn't going to be from the
command line -- it would be from a shortcut on my "desktop."

Do I really want game executables polluting my "finger memory" via
tab-completion as I'm trying to actually administrate the system?

I know there's no easy answer here, but I do wonder where this is all headed.

-- 
Shawn Walker, Software and Systems Analyst
http://binarycrusader.blogspot.com/

"To err is human -- and to blame it on a computer is even more so." -
Robert Orben

From binarycrusader@gmail.com Sat Mar  8 10:04:17 2008
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Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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On Fri, Mar 7, 2008 at 10:09 PM, John Plocher <John.Plocher@sun.com> wrote:
> Joseph Kowalski wrote:
>  > Linux familiarity trumps our internal views about "bin" semantics.
>
>
>  Speaking of Linux Distro Hell...
>
>     ... *which* linux are you trying to be familiar with?
>
>  That's the nice thing about linux distros, you can always fine one
>  to use as an example to prove whatever point you are trying to make.
>
>  The key point here is "on linux, it is generally extremely easy
>  to find, get and use almost anything that is being developed
>  in the FOSS world, and on Solaris, it isn't."
>
>  We're not trying to emulate any one distro, but to enable this
>  "I wanted <foo>, so I went and got it and now I'm using it; wow
>  that was easy" customer reaction.
>
>  Lets not get lost in the weeds...

I think you hit on my personal view in all of this John.

In trying to become make the system more accessible to other groups of
users, we shouldn't lose the ability to improve upon what others have
done. If we're forever stuck with certain decisions on the basis of
familiarity, how can we innovate compared to them?

Cheers,
-- 
Shawn Walker, Software and Systems Analyst
http://binarycrusader.blogspot.com/

"To err is human -- and to blame it on a computer is even more so." -
Robert Orben

From unixconsole@yahoo.com Sat Mar  8 16:54:00 2008
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2008 16:53:53 -0800 (PST)
From: Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
To: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>,
        Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>
Cc: PSARC-ext@sun.com, Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
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I have to agree with some of these statements. Making /usr/bin a dumping ground for everything is a bad idea. It kinda goes against the concept of having directories in the first place, don't you think? It makes sense to have privileged  commands in /usr/sbin and /sbin, X11 related stuff in /usr/X11, postgres in /usr/postgres, sun cluster in /usr/cluster, CDE in /usr/dt, etc. The point to all of this is compartmentalize things that shouldn't be mixed together. Besides, we already have a place for games, /usr/games! Look at how we deal with java, perl, apache, etc.

While emulating Linux may seem like a good idea, ultimately it's a step backwards. It makes it harder to identify the components for larger suites like Gnome, let alone for mysql. It especially makes it harder if people want different versions of a util or product installed. If the idea is to have everything in the /usr/bin path to make it easy, that really won't solve any issues. Users will still have to modify their $PATH if they want to use a different version of any given tool. It would be nice to see things like staroffice, mysql, gnome, etc separated back out under /usr (i.e. /usr/staroffice, /usr/mysql, /usr/gnome, etc.). We also have to keep in mind that people are using containers and may want to be specific about which directories under /usr are loop-back mounted. Dumping every tool under /usr/bin will make that impossible.

On the other hand, I do think some of the directories, such as /usr/sfw need to be deprecated and the items inside moved out into more appropriate directories under /usr.

Perhaps some more discussions on the placement of software is in order?
 
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
Octave J. Orgeron
Solaris Systems Engineer
http://www.opensolaris.org/os/community/sysadmin/
http://unixconsole.blogspot.com
unixconsole@yahoo.com
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

----- Original Message ----
From: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>
To: Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>
Cc: PSARC-ext@sun.com; Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Sent: Saturday, March 8, 2008 12:00:19 PM
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]

On Fri, Mar 7, 2008 at 7:55 PM, Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com> wrote:
> Joseph Kowalski wrote:
>  > Bart Smaalders wrote:
>  >> /usr/bin/ contains:
>  >>
>  >> gnect
>  >> gnibbles
>  >> gnobots
>  >> gnome-sudoku
>  >> gnotravex
>  >> gnomine
>  >> gnotski
>  > Thanks for the information.
>  >
>  > It provides more justification that we are just giving lipservice to
>  > Linux familiarity.  We "just know better", more politely termed NIH.
>  >
>  > Yes, Jim did talk about sorting by some arbitrary criteria.  As I
>  > said in my last mail, there are several camps around this and we
>  > will have this discussion again and again.  Its not the important
>  > issue, Linux familiarity is.
>  >
>  > It is interesting to note, that the discussion often is about
>  > what (historically and somewhat well defined semanticall) "bin"
>  > something belongs in.  I seem to recall a lot of items which seemed
>  > to be fit in /usr/sbin (by the endorsed semantic) were proposed
>  > to be placed in /usr/bin, because that's where they can be found
>  > on Linux.
>
>  No.
>
>  We tried to come to some sort of closure on this when someone derailed
>  my nmap case, and articulate a clear set of rules... but it was insisted
>  upon that the case not set precedent.
>
>  As far as I'm concerned, the logic is simple:
>
>  1) if only root can use the command, it belongs in /usr/sbin which is
>  in root's default path.

Don't you mean "if only a privileged user"? :-)

>  2) If the command is generally useful, it belongs in /usr/bin.
<snip>
>  As we repeatedly discussed during the Enabling Serendipitous Discovery case,
>  placing commands in separate directories does very little good, and tends to
>  do harm.

The only thing that bothers me about it is the inevitable naming
conflicts and the slow, but inevitable performance degradation, and
information overload caused by having tens of thousands of executables
all in the same directory.

The whole /usr/bin thing on GNU/Linux distributions is something I've
never been happy about since I started using it in 1995/1996.

However, most GNU/Linux folks seem to treat $PATH as anathema. I'm not
sure how to have a well organised system and avoid using $PATH at the
same time if everything is going to get dumped in /usr/bin.

Most of the time, if I'm running a game, it isn't going to be from the
command line -- it would be from a shortcut on my "desktop."

Do I really want game executables polluting my "finger memory" via
tab-completion as I'm trying to actually administrate the system?

I know there's no easy answer here, but I do wonder where this is all headed.

-- 
Shawn Walker, Software and Systems Analyst
http://binarycrusader.blogspot.com/

"To err is human -- and to blame it on a computer is even more so." -
Robert Orben
_______________________________________________
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opensolaris-arc@opensolaris.org





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From danek.duvall@sun.com Sun Mar  9 00:11:41 2008
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2008 00:11:39 -0800
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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        Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>, PSARC-ext@sun.com,
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On Sat, Mar 08, 2008 at 04:53:53PM -0800, Octave Orgeron wrote:

> I have to agree with some of these statements. Making /usr/bin a dumping
> ground for everything is a bad idea. It kinda goes against the concept of
> having directories in the first place, don't you think?

Directories in general?  No.  But what else do you mean?

> It makes sense to have privileged  commands in /usr/sbin and /sbin, X11
> related stuff in /usr/X11, postgres in /usr/postgres, sun cluster in
> /usr/cluster, CDE in /usr/dt, etc. The point to all of this is
> compartmentalize things that shouldn't be mixed together.

Why shouldn't they be mixed together?  What value do you derive from
siloing these components?

> Besides, we already have a place for games, /usr/games! Look at how we
> deal with java, perl, apache, etc.

We do this for java, perl, and apache, because the project teams
integrating these components have made the case that multiple
simultaneously installed versions are generally required.  At least in the
case of java and perl (as well as mysql and postgres, which follow similar
patterns), they're linked into /usr/bin, too.  Are you suggesting that they
not be there?

> While emulating Linux may seem like a good idea, ultimately it's a step
> backwards. It makes it harder to identify the components for larger
> suites like Gnome, let alone for mysql.

Is the path to the executable the most appropriate way of determining
what subsystem a particular file belongs to?  I would argue that querying
the packaging system for this information is the soundest place for it.

> We also have to keep in mind that people are using containers and may
> want to be specific about which directories under /usr are loop-back
> mounted.  Dumping every tool under /usr/bin will make that impossible.

Okay.  So how fine a granularity do you propose?  Saying that everything
goes into /usr, excepting only components requiring multiple versions (and
then a default of some sort gets linked into the appropriate places in
/usr) is a pretty simple rule to follow.  So is the opposite extreme,
placing each component in its own subdirectory of /usr.  But if neither of
those rules is acceptable, we still need some sort of bright line to guide
project teams, or we'll take each ARC case as it comes through and spend
weeks arguing about it, which, cumultaively, is a waste of everyone's time.

I would suggest that the translucent filesystem approach Bart's been
talking about is a better way of dealing with the zones issue you raise --
each local zone inherits from the global zone, but then you can uninstall
selected packages as desired.

The only other problem with sticking everything in /usr/bin I can see is
the potential for name duplication.  But I don't think this happens very
often in practice, if for no other reason than so much of the software that
might go there has already had to deal with this issue on Linux, and so has
chosen a unique (if often pretty wacky) name.

So is there any other problem you see being solved by not putting
everything in /usr/bin?  Other than there simply being more things in there
than there were in 1973?

Danek

From unixconsole@yahoo.com Sun Mar  9 08:20:40 2008
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2008 08:20:34 -0700 (PDT)
From: Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
To: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Cc: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>,
        Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>, PSARC-ext@sun.com,
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Hi,

> Okay.  So how fine a granularity do you propose?  Saying that everything
> goes into /usr, excepting only components requiring multiple versions (and
> then a default of some sort gets linked into the appropriate places in
> /usr) is a pretty simple rule to follow.  So is the opposite extreme,
> placing each component in its own subdirectory of /usr.  But if neither of
> those rules is acceptable, we still need some sort of bright line to guide
> project teams, or we'll take each ARC case as it comes through and spend
> weeks arguing about it, which, cumultaively, is a waste of everyone's time.

The idea of having major components (X11, Gnome, Postgres, Mysql, Perl, PHP, etc.) with their own directory structure to support multiple versions makes the most sense. I think the distinction of what  goes into  /usr/bin by  having  the binary physically located there or  to have it sym-linked in needs to be discussed. For example, it makes a lot of sense for common utilities to be located in /usr/bin (mv, ls, rm, etc.). However, we already deal with multiple versions of these tools today (gnu -> /usr/gnu, xpg4 -> /usr/xpg4, xpg6 -> /usr/xgp6, BSD -> /usr/ucb). This makes a lot of sense because people can modify their $PATH to get the desired behavior. This is critical for users and applications. Having these different versions of commands in /usr/bin would be a nightmare to support both for developers and for users. Having symlinks for the latest version of java, perl, etc in /usr/bin makes a lot of sense because it's easier for users and apps to have
 the latest version in the default path. If they need to use a different version, they can either change the symlink or directly use the version path (i.e. /usr/perl5/5.6.1/bin). This makes a lot of sense. 

I don't think it would make sense to have every utility and application with its own /usr/<app name>/<version>/<app root> and use something like the slashpackage concept. It's powerful and flexible, but requires a lot of careful considerations and poses greater risks. But doing this for larger toolsets and applications as above makes a lot of sense and gives enough flexibility. 

It also makes sense for OS administrative/privileged commands to be in /usr/sbin. While things would fail for normal users due to lack of exec privs, having them in a separate directory, /usr/sbin, is good from an organizational and security point of view for sysadmins. Besides, we don't want some freeware tool with an exploit nuking /usr/bin and preventing the administrative commands from working because they were in the same directory. Let alone for someone to accidentally change the perms on /usr/bin and open a huge can of worms. (that does bring up the idea that perhaps certain directories should be mounted read-only to begin with?). 

The translucent filesystem concept sounds interesting for solving some of the issues with containers. Is there more info on this?

So it sounds like we need some guidelines on what gets into /usr/bin to prevent confusion, arguments, and pollution of the /usr/bin name space.

Perhaps something simple like this..

1. If an app is to go into /usr/bin, it must meet these requirements:
- It is not an administrative command that requires privs.
- Its name does not conflict with a standard command already located in /usr/bin
- It does not conflict with the default Solaris behavior (GNU vs SYSV, BSD vs SYSV). If so, it should be located in the appropriate /usr/<behavior> name space.
- It does not require the support of multiple versions.
- It is not a large suite of software (i.e. X11, OpenWindows, Postgres, MySQL, Apache, Sun Cluster, etc.).If so, it should be located in /usr/<app name>/<version>/ directory.

2. If an app is to be sym-linked into /usr/bin, it must meet these requirements:
- It must be appropriate for general consumption by users and other applications (i.e. mv, ls , pgrep, soffice, firefox, gcc, cc)
- It is part of a larger suite of software, located in /usr/<app name>/<version>, that is appropriate for general consumption by users and other applications (i.e. StarOffice, Gnome applications, Firefox, gcc, cc, perl, java). This does not include application level administrative/priv binaries (i.e. Xsun, httpd, scinstall, gdm, xdm).

That is just off the top of my head. But I think it's a good start for defining the guidelines that determine what goes into /usr/bin.

This does bring up other areas to consider.. things like webmin being in /usr/sfw, dhcpmgr and printmgr being in /usr/sadm, etc. Some house cleaning may be in order for those directories as well.


 
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
Octave J. Orgeron
Solaris Systems Engineer
http://www.opensolaris.org/os/community/sysadmin/
http://unixconsole.blogspot.com
unixconsole@yahoo.com
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

----- Original Message ----
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
To: Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>
Cc: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>; Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>; PSARC-ext@sun.com; Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Sent: Sunday, March 9, 2008 3:11:39 AM
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]

On Sat, Mar 08, 2008 at 04:53:53PM -0800, Octave Orgeron wrote:

> I have to agree with some of these statements. Making /usr/bin a dumping
> ground for everything is a bad idea. It kinda goes against the concept of
> having directories in the first place, don't you think?

Directories in general?  No.  But what else do you mean?

> It makes sense to have privileged  commands in /usr/sbin and /sbin, X11
> related stuff in /usr/X11, postgres in /usr/postgres, sun cluster in
> /usr/cluster, CDE in /usr/dt, etc. The point to all of this is
> compartmentalize things that shouldn't be mixed together.

Why shouldn't they be mixed together?  What value do you derive from
siloing these components?

> Besides, we already have a place for games, /usr/games! Look at how we
> deal with java, perl, apache, etc.

We do this for java, perl, and apache, because the project teams
integrating these components have made the case that multiple
simultaneously installed versions are generally required.  At least in the
case of java and perl (as well as mysql and postgres, which follow similar
patterns), they're linked into /usr/bin, too.  Are you suggesting that they
not be there?

> While emulating Linux may seem like a good idea, ultimately it's a step
> backwards. It makes it harder to identify the components for larger
> suites like Gnome, let alone for mysql.

Is the path to the executable the most appropriate way of determining
what subsystem a particular file belongs to?  I would argue that querying
the packaging system for this information is the soundest place for it.

> We also have to keep in mind that people are using containers and may
> want to be specific about which directories under /usr are loop-back
> mounted.  Dumping every tool under /usr/bin will make that impossible.

Okay.  So how fine a granularity do you propose?  Saying that everything
goes into /usr, excepting only components requiring multiple versions (and
then a default of some sort gets linked into the appropriate places in
/usr) is a pretty simple rule to follow.  So is the opposite extreme,
placing each component in its own subdirectory of /usr.  But if neither of
those rules is acceptable, we still need some sort of bright line to guide
project teams, or we'll take each ARC case as it comes through and spend
weeks arguing about it, which, cumultaively, is a waste of everyone's time.

I would suggest that the translucent filesystem approach Bart's been
talking about is a better way of dealing with the zones issue you raise --
each local zone inherits from the global zone, but then you can uninstall
selected packages as desired.

The only other problem with sticking everything in /usr/bin I can see is
the potential for name duplication.  But I don't think this happens very
often in practice, if for no other reason than so much of the software that
might go there has already had to deal with this issue on Linux, and so has
chosen a unique (if often pretty wacky) name.

So is there any other problem you see being solved by not putting
everything in /usr/bin?  Other than there simply being more things in there
than there were in 1973?

Danek





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From sacadmin Sun Mar  9 09:06:59 2008
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2008 09:06:39 -0700
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Subject: rules for /usr/bin (was Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 ...])
In-reply-to: <63874.50200.qm@web30801.mail.mud.yahoo.com>
To: Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>
Cc: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>,
        Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>, opensolaris-arc@sun.com,
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[ Moving this to opensolaris-arc (and bcc'ing psarc-members), which I
believe is the best external equivalent to psarc-members.  Feel free to
move it elsewhere if appropriate. ]

On Sun, Mar 09, 2008 at 08:20:34AM -0700, Octave Orgeron wrote:

> The idea of having major components (X11, Gnome, Postgres, Mysql, Perl,
> PHP, etc.) with their own directory structure to support multiple
> versions makes the most sense.

There's not much else you can do, short of requiring that only one version
be on the system at a time.  Which we're doing with gnome.  And I think X11
is too deeply ingrained at this point in people's consciousness as being
under /usr/Xsomething that it would be hard to move (though I'll note for
completeness sake that at least gentoo linux links /usr/X11R6 to /usr).

I'm certainly not going to argue with the multiple versions thing, except
perhaps that multiple versions are required for as many things as we
prepare the system for.

> However, we already deal with multiple versions of these tools today (gnu
> -> /usr/gnu, xpg4 -> /usr/xpg4, xpg6 -> /usr/xgp6, BSD -> /usr/ucb).

The only reason we do that for these bits is because of naming conflicts.
The definition of what can go into /usr/gnu, as per PSARC/2007/047,
includes things that would conflict with pre-existing executables in
/usr/bin.

Note also that these aren't split by functionality, but by "personality",
so it's not really an argument for things like gnome, cde, games, etc.

> It also makes sense for OS administrative/privileged commands to be in
> /usr/sbin.

Yup.  No one's arguing against that, though the dividing line can sometimes
be a bit fuzzy.

> Besides, we don't want some freeware tool with an exploit nuking /usr/bin
> and preventing the administrative commands from working because they were
> in the same directory.

Eh?  A "freeware tool with an exploit" could wipe /usr/sbin just as easily
as it could wipe /usr/bin.  So can a couple of fat fingers.

> (that does bring up the idea that perhaps certain directories should be
> mounted read-only to begin with?). 

In a non-whole-root zone, /usr is read-only, as it is on diskless clients.
There are good arguments to be made for doing this on all systems, and the
ARCs try to remind project teams never to stick anything writable under
/usr.

> The translucent filesystem concept sounds interesting for solving some of
> the issues with containers. Is there more info on this?

No, unfortunately not.  Though come Monday, perhaps Bart will be convinced
to share at length.

> So it sounds like we need some guidelines on what gets into /usr/bin to
> prevent confusion, arguments, and pollution of the /usr/bin name space.
> 
> Perhaps something simple like this..
> 
> 1. If an app is to go into /usr/bin, it must meet these requirements:
> - It is not an administrative command that requires privs.
> - Its name does not conflict with a standard command already located in /usr/bin
> - It does not conflict with the default Solaris behavior (GNU vs SYSV,
>   BSD vs SYSV). If so, it should be located in the appropriate
>   /usr/<behavior> name space.
> - It does not require the support of multiple versions.
> - It is not a large suite of software (i.e. X11, OpenWindows, Postgres,
>   MySQL, Apache, Sun Cluster, etc.).If so, it should be located in
>   /usr/<app name>/<version>/ directory.

None of this is particularly controversial (though I'd say your point about
multiple versions probably should be worded more along the lines of
"components requiring multiple versions must install all versions in
parallel hierarchies, and link the most appropriate one into the major
system directories where serendipitous discovery applies").

It's also not clear how "large suite of software" might be defined.  Apache
isn't that big, really, and would quite easily fit into the normal places.
I'd also argue that having three copies of apache on the system is pretty
silly.  Even two, this long after 2.x came out, is silly.  But that's a
different argument.

And there's nothing in that list that would say that nethack or fortune go
anywhere other than /usr/bin.

> 2. If an app is to be sym-linked into /usr/bin, it must meet these requirements:
> - It must be appropriate for general consumption by users and other
>   applications (i.e. mv, ls , pgrep, soffice, firefox, gcc, cc)

Again, that can be tough to define.  I wouldn't consider compilers
appropriate for general consumption, for instance.  Indeed, I'd say that
games are more likely to be used by more people.

> - It is part of a larger suite of software, located in /usr/<app
> name>/<version>, that is appropriate for general consumption by users and
> other applications (i.e. StarOffice, Gnome applications, Firefox, gcc,
> cc, perl, java).

I don't think this flows from the beginning of rule 2.  It implies that
there are other things not found in the standard places which shouldn't be
linked into the standard places -- either a smaller suite of software, or
one not located in /usr/app/version, but you've not proposed such a thing,
and it basically doesn't exist.  Do you have a counterexample in mind?

> This does not include application level administrative/priv binaries
> (i.e. Xsun, httpd, scinstall, gdm, xdm).

But perhaps those administrative executables should be linked into
/usr/sbin.  As far as this argument is concerned, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin,
/usr/lib/libfoo.X, and /usr/include/foo.h are all equivalent -- they're the
"normal" place for components.

> This does bring up other areas to consider.. things like webmin being in
> /usr/sfw, dhcpmgr and printmgr being in /usr/sadm, etc. Some house
> cleaning may be in order for those directories as well.

/usr/sadm?  It was a terrible mistake to put smc, dhcpmgr, and printmgr
there in the first place.  And why does webmin belong in /usr/sfw?  Being a
service, it's almost completely confined to a single, project-private
directory.

Danek

From sacadmin Sun Mar  9 09:10:40 2008
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2008 09:10:32 -0700
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Subject: Re: rules for /usr/bin (was Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 ...])
In-reply-to: <20080309160639.GE16041@zruty.sfbay.sun.com>
To: Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>
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[ ... And resending this opensolaris-arc@*opensolaris.org*.  <sigh> ]

[ Moving this to opensolaris-arc (and bcc'ing psarc-members), which I
believe is the best external equivalent to psarc-members.  Feel free to
move it elsewhere if appropriate. ]

On Sun, Mar 09, 2008 at 08:20:34AM -0700, Octave Orgeron wrote:

> The idea of having major components (X11, Gnome, Postgres, Mysql, Perl,
> PHP, etc.) with their own directory structure to support multiple
> versions makes the most sense.

There's not much else you can do, short of requiring that only one version
be on the system at a time.  Which we're doing with gnome.  And I think X11
is too deeply ingrained at this point in people's consciousness as being
under /usr/Xsomething that it would be hard to move (though I'll note for
completeness sake that at least gentoo linux links /usr/X11R6 to /usr).

I'm certainly not going to argue with the multiple versions thing, except
perhaps that multiple versions are required for as many things as we
prepare the system for.

> However, we already deal with multiple versions of these tools today (gnu
> -> /usr/gnu, xpg4 -> /usr/xpg4, xpg6 -> /usr/xgp6, BSD -> /usr/ucb).

The only reason we do that for these bits is because of naming conflicts.
The definition of what can go into /usr/gnu, as per PSARC/2007/047,
includes things that would conflict with pre-existing executables in
/usr/bin.

Note also that these aren't split by functionality, but by "personality",
so it's not really an argument for things like gnome, cde, games, etc.

> It also makes sense for OS administrative/privileged commands to be in
> /usr/sbin.

Yup.  No one's arguing against that, though the dividing line can sometimes
be a bit fuzzy.

> Besides, we don't want some freeware tool with an exploit nuking /usr/bin
> and preventing the administrative commands from working because they were
> in the same directory.

Eh?  A "freeware tool with an exploit" could wipe /usr/sbin just as easily
as it could wipe /usr/bin.  So can a couple of fat fingers.

> (that does bring up the idea that perhaps certain directories should be
> mounted read-only to begin with?). 

In a non-whole-root zone, /usr is read-only, as it is on diskless clients.
There are good arguments to be made for doing this on all systems, and the
ARCs try to remind project teams never to stick anything writable under
/usr.

> The translucent filesystem concept sounds interesting for solving some of
> the issues with containers. Is there more info on this?

No, unfortunately not.  Though come Monday, perhaps Bart will be convinced
to share at length.

> So it sounds like we need some guidelines on what gets into /usr/bin to
> prevent confusion, arguments, and pollution of the /usr/bin name space.
> 
> Perhaps something simple like this..
> 
> 1. If an app is to go into /usr/bin, it must meet these requirements:
> - It is not an administrative command that requires privs.
> - Its name does not conflict with a standard command already located in /usr/bin
> - It does not conflict with the default Solaris behavior (GNU vs SYSV,
>   BSD vs SYSV). If so, it should be located in the appropriate
>   /usr/<behavior> name space.
> - It does not require the support of multiple versions.
> - It is not a large suite of software (i.e. X11, OpenWindows, Postgres,
>   MySQL, Apache, Sun Cluster, etc.).If so, it should be located in
>   /usr/<app name>/<version>/ directory.

None of this is particularly controversial (though I'd say your point about
multiple versions probably should be worded more along the lines of
"components requiring multiple versions must install all versions in
parallel hierarchies, and link the most appropriate one into the major
system directories where serendipitous discovery applies").

It's also not clear how "large suite of software" might be defined.  Apache
isn't that big, really, and would quite easily fit into the normal places.
I'd also argue that having three copies of apache on the system is pretty
silly.  Even two, this long after 2.x came out, is silly.  But that's a
different argument.

And there's nothing in that list that would say that nethack or fortune go
anywhere other than /usr/bin.

> 2. If an app is to be sym-linked into /usr/bin, it must meet these requirements:
> - It must be appropriate for general consumption by users and other
>   applications (i.e. mv, ls , pgrep, soffice, firefox, gcc, cc)

Again, that can be tough to define.  I wouldn't consider compilers
appropriate for general consumption, for instance.  Indeed, I'd say that
games are more likely to be used by more people.

> - It is part of a larger suite of software, located in /usr/<app
> name>/<version>, that is appropriate for general consumption by users and
> other applications (i.e. StarOffice, Gnome applications, Firefox, gcc,
> cc, perl, java).

I don't think this flows from the beginning of rule 2.  It implies that
there are other things not found in the standard places which shouldn't be
linked into the standard places -- either a smaller suite of software, or
one not located in /usr/app/version, but you've not proposed such a thing,
and it basically doesn't exist.  Do you have a counterexample in mind?

> This does not include application level administrative/priv binaries
> (i.e. Xsun, httpd, scinstall, gdm, xdm).

But perhaps those administrative executables should be linked into
/usr/sbin.  As far as this argument is concerned, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin,
/usr/lib/libfoo.X, and /usr/include/foo.h are all equivalent -- they're the
"normal" place for components.

> This does bring up other areas to consider.. things like webmin being in
> /usr/sfw, dhcpmgr and printmgr being in /usr/sadm, etc. Some house
> cleaning may be in order for those directories as well.

/usr/sadm?  It was a terrible mistake to put smc, dhcpmgr, and printmgr
there in the first place.  And why does webmin belong in /usr/sfw?  Being a
service, it's almost completely confined to a single, project-private
directory.

Danek

From gdamore@sun.com Sun Mar  9 09:47:37 2008
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2008 09:45:10 -0700
From: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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        Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>,
        Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>, PSARC-ext@sun.com,
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Danek Duvall wrote:
> On Sat, Mar 08, 2008 at 04:53:53PM -0800, Octave Orgeron wrote:
>
>   
>> I have to agree with some of these statements. Making /usr/bin a dumping
>> ground for everything is a bad idea. It kinda goes against the concept of
>> having directories in the first place, don't you think?
>>     
>
> Directories in general?  No.  But what else do you mean?
>
>   
>> It makes sense to have privileged  commands in /usr/sbin and /sbin, X11
>> related stuff in /usr/X11, postgres in /usr/postgres, sun cluster in
>> /usr/cluster, CDE in /usr/dt, etc. The point to all of this is
>> compartmentalize things that shouldn't be mixed together.
>>     
>
> Why shouldn't they be mixed together?  What value do you derive from
> siloing these components?
>
>   
>> Besides, we already have a place for games, /usr/games! Look at how we
>> deal with java, perl, apache, etc.
>>     
>
> We do this for java, perl, and apache, because the project teams
> integrating these components have made the case that multiple
> simultaneously installed versions are generally required.  At least in the
> case of java and perl (as well as mysql and postgres, which follow similar
> patterns), they're linked into /usr/bin, too.  Are you suggesting that they
> not be there?
>
>   
>> While emulating Linux may seem like a good idea, ultimately it's a step
>> backwards. It makes it harder to identify the components for larger
>> suites like Gnome, let alone for mysql.
>>     
>
> Is the path to the executable the most appropriate way of determining
> what subsystem a particular file belongs to?  I would argue that querying
> the packaging system for this information is the soundest place for it.
>
>   
>> We also have to keep in mind that people are using containers and may
>> want to be specific about which directories under /usr are loop-back
>> mounted.  Dumping every tool under /usr/bin will make that impossible.
>>     
>
> Okay.  So how fine a granularity do you propose?  Saying that everything
> goes into /usr, excepting only components requiring multiple versions (and
> then a default of some sort gets linked into the appropriate places in
> /usr) is a pretty simple rule to follow.  So is the opposite extreme,
> placing each component in its own subdirectory of /usr.  But if neither of
> those rules is acceptable, we still need some sort of bright line to guide
> project teams, or we'll take each ARC case as it comes through and spend
> weeks arguing about it, which, cumultaively, is a waste of everyone's time.
>
> I would suggest that the translucent filesystem approach Bart's been
> talking about is a better way of dealing with the zones issue you raise --
> each local zone inherits from the global zone, but then you can uninstall
> selected packages as desired.
>
> The only other problem with sticking everything in /usr/bin I can see is
> the potential for name duplication.  But I don't think this happens very
> often in practice, if for no other reason than so much of the software that
> might go there has already had to deal with this issue on Linux, and so has
> chosen a unique (if often pretty wacky) name.
>   

There's another performance aspect though.  Searching through 
directories is proportional to the number of entires in it.  One could 
argue that the most frequently accessed stuff should be in /usr/bin, and 
other, less frequently accessed stuff, could live in directories that 
appeared later in the search path, or were more easily pruned from 
user's paths.

For one search, it probably doesn't matter much.  But taken in the 
aggregate, I suspect that the additional search time can add up.

Of course, mitigating this concern is the fact that many (most?) 
interactive shells hash the search path -- getting O(1) search time 
instead of O(n).   But does exec() also take the hit, to find a 
directory entry, even when fully qualified?

I'd be a fan of fewer things in /usr/bin, and perhaps longer search 
paths for users (/usr/bin, /usr/gnome/bin, /usr/X11/bin, /usr/games (or 
/usr/games/bin), etc.  I'm not sure when the last time we modified the 
default search path for users was, though....

    -- Garrett
> So is there any other problem you see being solved by not putting
> everything in /usr/bin?  Other than there simply being more things in there
> than there were in 1973?
>
> Danek
>   


From James.Walker@sun.com Sun Mar  9 10:47:15 2008
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2008 11:47:05 -0600
From: Jim Walker <James.Walker@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47D41416.8070505@sun.com>
Sender: James.Walker@sun.com
To: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Cc: Danek Duvall <Danek.Duvall@sun.com>,
        Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>,
        Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>,
        Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>, PSARC-ext@sun.com,
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Garrett D'Amore wrote:
> I'd be a fan of fewer things in /usr/bin, and perhaps longer search 
> paths for users (/usr/bin, /usr/gnome/bin, /usr/X11/bin, /usr/games
> (or /usr/games/bin), etc.

I like having a shorter path to get my job done. I don't want
to have to change my path after every release.

> I'm not sure when the last time we modified the default search path
> for users was, though....

I think this is the key point.

Do you want to update the default search path for users every few
months until the execution directory namespace settles down, or
do you want to keep adding things to the current directories?

BTW. When would the execution directory namespace settle down?
Would it become as long as "ls /usr/bin"? How long can paths be?
How many things would break when the default path is 1k long?
How much time will users waste reviewing what's in their path?

Jim

From John.Plocher@sun.com Sun Mar  9 14:44:58 2008
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2008 14:44:53 -0700
From: John Plocher <John.Plocher@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Jim Walker wrote:
> BTW. When would the execution directory namespace settle down?


If we "fixed" PATH, this could become "no longer a problem".

Not to design on the fly, but :-) if we were to extend its semantics to include
wildcards, we could have

    PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/applications/*:...

and you would never need to change your PATH setting again...  This isn't
a serious suggestion (I haven't thought about the ramifications...), but
simply an observation that things look different once you get outside
the box...

    -John

From jek3@sun.com Sun Mar  9 23:35:08 2008
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2008 20:32:43 -1000
From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47D41416.8070505@sun.com>
To: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Cc: Danek Duvall <Danek.Duvall@sun.com>,
        Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>,
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Garrett D'Amore wrote:
> I'd be a fan of fewer things in /usr/bin, and perhaps longer search 
> paths for users (/usr/bin, /usr/gnome/bin, /usr/X11/bin, /usr/games 
> (or /usr/games/bin), etc.  I'm not sure when the last time we modified 
> the default search path for users was, though....
Interesting example gnome.  Everything there is either most commonly 
used via a menu entry or a script.  These aren't typically used by the 
command line.

Seems like the gnome games being in bin was used as an example of what 
we have purposely placed in /usr/bin.  Seems like its a pretty hard 
stretch to be justified in /usr/bin...

    Typically launched by a gnome menu -> /usr/gnome/...

    Seen as a game -> /usr/games

Its seems pretty hard to justify /usr/bin as a well considered anwser.
>    -- Garrett
>> So is there any other problem you see being solved by not putting
>> everything in /usr/bin?  Other than there simply being more things in 
>> there
>> than there were in 1973?
It seems that /usr/games was such a place in 1973.  Since that was the 
status-quo, what is the justification for them being moved to /usr/bin?
>> Danek
- jek3


From jek3@sun.com Sun Mar  9 23:47:15 2008
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2008 20:44:48 -1000
From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <20080304214642.GB9130@zruty.sfbay.sun.com>
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Getting back to the basics...

Danek Duvall wrote:
> 3.  Interfaces
>
>     /usr/bin/nethack      Uncommitted        Executable location, CLI
>     /usr/lib/nethack      Project Private    Game data directory
>     /var/games            Committed          Writeable area for games
>     /var/games/nethack    Uncommitted        Writeable area for nethack
>     games                 Committed          group name
>   
Did you really say that /usr/games was the *writable* area for games?  
It seems that
/usr is non-writable in most configurations (if not all).  In some 
cases, not even local-root
can write it.

Perhaps you would want to reopen the case to correct this?

Its pretty clear that the project team applies little value to what the 
LSB/FSH
says (and they wouldn't be alone in that), but it suggests /var/games.

(Far less interesting, but the LSB also suggest /usr/share/games for 
architecturally
neutral data files. In most cases I think the LSB fascination with 
/usr/share (which
is just a Solaris invention rather irrelevant to Linux) is overdone, but 
perhaps
game data files could be big enough to actually matter.)

- jek3


--Boundary_(ID_lXaDxSbB+LQCKLvSHBSrUw)
Content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
  <meta content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type">
</head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000">
<br>
Getting back to the basics...<br>
<br>
Danek Duvall wrote:<br>
<blockquote cite="mid:20080304214642.GB9130@zruty.sfbay.sun.com"
 type="cite">
  <pre wrap="">3.  Interfaces

    /usr/bin/nethack      Uncommitted        Executable location, CLI
    /usr/lib/nethack      Project Private    Game data directory
    /var/games            Committed          Writeable area for games
    /var/games/nethack    Uncommitted        Writeable area for nethack
    games                 Committed          group name
  </pre>
</blockquote>
Did you really say that /usr/games was the <big><big><b>writable</b><small><small>
area for games?&nbsp; It seems that<br>
/usr is non-writable in most configurations (if not all).&nbsp; In some
cases, not even local-root<br>
can write it.<br>
<br>
Perhaps you would want to reopen the case to correct this?<br>
<br>
Its pretty clear that the project team applies little value to what the
LSB/FSH<br>
says (and they wouldn't be alone in that), but it suggests /var/games.<br>
<br>
(Far less interesting, but the LSB also suggest /usr/share/games for
architecturally<br>
neutral data files. In most cases I think the LSB fascination with
/usr/share (which<br>
is just a Solaris invention rather irrelevant to Linux) is overdone,
but perhaps<br>
game data files could be big enough to actually matter.)<br>
<br>
- jek3<br>
<br>
</small></small></big></big>
</body>
</html>

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From James.McPherson@sun.com Mon Mar 10 00:32:20 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 17:32:50 +1000
From: "James C. McPherson" <James.McPherson@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Joseph Kowalski wrote:
> 
> Getting back to the basics...
> 
> Danek Duvall wrote:
>> 3.  Interfaces
>>
>>     /usr/bin/nethack      Uncommitted        Executable location, CLI
>>     /usr/lib/nethack      Project Private    Game data directory

>>     /var/games            Committed          Writeable area for games
        ^^^^
>>     /var/games/nethack    Uncommitted        Writeable area for nethack
        ^^^^


>>     games                 Committed          group name
>>   
> Did you really say that /usr/games was the *writable* area for games?  
> It seems that /usr is non-writable in most configurations (if not all). 
 > In some cases, not even local-root can write it.


I think you misread just a little.



James C. McPherson
--
Senior Kernel Software Engineer, Solaris
Sun Microsystems
http://blogs.sun.com/jmcp	http://www.jmcp.homeunix.com/blog

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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 11:27:33 -0400
From: James Carlson <james.d.carlson@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <20080309081139.GD16041@zruty.sfbay.sun.com>
To: Danek Duvall <Danek.Duvall@sun.com>
Cc: Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>,
        Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>,
        Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>, PSARC-ext@sun.com,
        Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
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Danek Duvall writes:
> So is there any other problem you see being solved by not putting
> everything in /usr/bin?  Other than there simply being more things in there
> than there were in 1973?

The problem I see is architectural: we went out of our way to define a
system architecture that included /sbin, /usr/sbin, /usr/games and
other locations that are not strictly needed for system operation but
that define delivery locations for certain classes of objects.

Nobody's asking to have new classes added, so the discussion of
/usr/terminal-emulators or whatever is just out of scope.  It doesn't
matter.

If we're going to dump everything in /usr/bin, then I'm on board.  The
one request I have is that we be consistent architecturally: make
/sbin, /usr/sbin, /usr/games and the like formally obsolete.  Don't
just scatter things into /usr/bin or whereever because someone says
ETOOHARD.  Let's design things _intentionally_ and not by fad.

-- 
James Carlson, Solaris Networking              <james.d.carlson@sun.com>
Sun Microsystems / 35 Network Drive        71.232W   Vox +1 781 442 2084
MS UBUR02-212 / Burlington MA 01803-2757   42.496N   Fax +1 781 442 1677

From danek.duvall@sun.com Mon Mar 10 09:49:14 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 09:49:09 -0700
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <18389.21349.849303.843709@gargle.gargle.HOWL>
To: James Carlson <james.d.carlson@sun.com>
Cc: Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>,
        Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>,
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On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 11:27:33AM -0400, James Carlson wrote:

> Danek Duvall writes:
> > So is there any other problem you see being solved by not putting
> > everything in /usr/bin?  Other than there simply being more things in there
> > than there were in 1973?
> 
> The problem I see is architectural: we went out of our way to define a
> system architecture that included /sbin, /usr/sbin, /usr/games

I thought we just inherited that (/usr/games, at least) from Berkeley.  I
don't know why it was kept with the switch to SVr4, and would consider it
de facto Obsolete after fifteen years of disuse.

> Nobody's asking to have new classes added,

There have been requests on this thread to have each application have its
own directory under /usr (webmin, smc, etc).

> If we're going to dump everything in /usr/bin, then I'm on board.  The
> one request I have is that we be consistent architecturally: make
> /sbin, /usr/sbin, /usr/games and the like formally obsolete.

I raised the idea of making /usr/games obsolete, but was shot down.  I
think that /sbin and /usr/sbin still have their uses.  I could see
/usr/sbin being eliminated, but while I think there are a number of
utilities there which ought to be in /usr/bin, I think there's a fairly
clear and useful line between its contents and those of /usr/bin.  But I'm
also reasonably happy to leave that stuff alone.  /usr/games lives only as
a wraith in the filesystem and filesystem(5), and putting anything there is
an unnecessary reintroduction.

I don't see the utility of /usr/games, or /usr/webmin.  

> Don't just scatter things into /usr/bin or whereever because someone says
> ETOOHARD.  Let's design things _intentionally_ and not by fad.

You don't need to convince me.

Danek

From bart.smaalders@sun.com Mon Mar 10 10:07:04 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 10:04:32 -0700
From: Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47D41416.8070505@sun.com>
To: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Cc: Danek Duvall <Danek.Duvall@sun.com>,
        Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>,
        Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>, PSARC-ext@sun.com,
        Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
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Garrett D'Amore wrote:

> There's another performance aspect though.  Searching through 
> directories is proportional to the number of entires in it.

If you're using UFS.  On ZFS, no.


>  One could 
> argue that the most frequently accessed stuff should be in /usr/bin, and 
> other, less frequently accessed stuff, could live in directories that 
> appeared later in the search path, or were more easily pruned from 
> user's paths.

Given that the next release of Solaris will use ZFS as it's root filesystem,
any arguments about lookup performance are moot.   (They're moot on
UFS, too, of course, because of the DNLC.)

-There is no good reason to place commands in multiple existing directories.

There is REALLY no good reason to propose new directories.

Using directory location as an indexing method for software makes
no sense, because the user and system admin cost is so high when
someone decides to add a new directory - every Solaris user around the
world would need his/her path variables changed to see the new software.

Ask around and find out how many people never discovered that gcc
was present on every S10 full install in /usr/sfw.

If you want better indexing and information on available commands,
fine.  Build better docs, help tools, etc - _don't_ try to implement 
this via
adding more directories in the user's path.

- Bart


-- 
Bart Smaalders			Solaris Kernel Performance
barts@cyber.eng.sun.com		http://blogs.sun.com/barts
"You will contribute more with mercurial than with thunderbird."

From binarycrusader@gmail.com Mon Mar 10 10:40:08 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 12:40:04 -0500
From: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Cc: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>, Danek Duvall <Danek.Duvall@sun.com>,
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On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 12:04 PM, Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com> wrote:
>  -There is no good reason to place commands in multiple existing directories.

I think there is a large difference between *commands* and *applications*.

I expect *commands* or programs intended to be used as such to be in my path.

I don't expect every single application, game and random program to be
in my path.

Putting every single binary in my path is going to make things worse
for me as a user, since if I use command-line completion to hunt for a
particular command, I'm going to see far more results than are
helpful.

>  There is REALLY no good reason to propose new directories.

I'm not convinced of that yet.

For commands, I can agree; but the rest I have a hard time accepting.

Can we at least find some common ground on that?

-- 
Shawn Walker, Software and Systems Analyst
http://binarycrusader.blogspot.com/

"To err is human -- and to blame it on a computer is even more so." -
Robert Orben

From jek3@sun.com Mon Mar 10 10:53:31 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 07:51:04 -1000
From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47D4E422.10100@Sun.COM>
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James C. McPherson wrote:
> I think you misread just a little.
Yep, my bad.

Shouldn't do things like this in the wee hours....

- jek3


From bart.smaalders@sun.com Mon Mar 10 11:08:37 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 11:06:08 -0700
From: Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <b9c544f0803101040m24e00bd4t29f4d4a1315da42e@mail.gmail.com>
To: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>
Cc: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>, Danek Duvall <Danek.Duvall@sun.com>,
        Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>, PSARC-ext@sun.com,
        Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
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Shawn Walker wrote:
> On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 12:04 PM, Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com> wrote:
>>  -There is no good reason to place commands in multiple existing directories.
> 
> I think there is a large difference between *commands* and *applications*.
> 
> I expect *commands* or programs intended to be used as such to be in my path.
> 
> I don't expect every single application, game and random program to be
> in my path.
> 
> Putting every single binary in my path is going to make things worse
> for me as a user, since if I use command-line completion to hunt for a
> particular command, I'm going to see far more results than are
> helpful.
> 
>>  There is REALLY no good reason to propose new directories.
> 
> I'm not convinced of that yet.
> 
> For commands, I can agree; but the rest I have a hard time accepting.
> 
> Can we at least find some common ground on that?
> 

Personally, if the expected method of invocation is a desktop menu
(the update of which must be part of the app) or a mime-handler
(also added automatically as part of install) than I don't care
very much.

If it's a curses-based application or command line, it belongs in /usr/bin.

- Bart


-- 
Bart Smaalders			Solaris Kernel Performance
barts@cyber.eng.sun.com		http://blogs.sun.com/barts
"You will contribute more with mercurial than with thunderbird."

From gdamore@sun.com Mon Mar 10 11:20:55 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 11:18:13 -0700
From: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <b9c544f0803101040m24e00bd4t29f4d4a1315da42e@mail.gmail.com>
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To: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>
Cc: Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>,
        Danek Duvall <Danek.Duvall@sun.com>,
        Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>, psarc-ext@sun.com,
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Shawn Walker wrote:
> On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 12:04 PM, Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com> wrote:
>   
>>  -There is no good reason to place commands in multiple existing directories.
>>     
>
> I think there is a large difference between *commands* and *applications*.
>
> I expect *commands* or programs intended to be used as such to be in my path.
>
> I don't expect every single application, game and random program to be
> in my path.
>
> Putting every single binary in my path is going to make things worse
> for me as a user, since if I use command-line completion to hunt for a
> particular command, I'm going to see far more results than are
> helpful.
>
>   
>>  There is REALLY no good reason to propose new directories.
>>     
>
> I'm not convinced of that yet.
>
> For commands, I can agree; but the rest I have a hard time accepting.
>
> Can we at least find some common ground on that?
>
>   

Has anyone else around here found that the utility of tab-completion in 
shells like tcsh has gradually deteriorated over time, as more and more 
stuff gets added to /usr/bin?

I realize this is a minor complaint, but putting every executable in 
/usr/bin does have its drawbacks.  It used to be that I could type 
/usr/bin/g, hit tab or ctrl-d, and get a couple of items (usually a few 
things like gtar, etc.)   But now the listing is so long that I have to 
have an exceptionally large history buffer set in my terminal 
application so that I can scroll back to find the program.

Gnome is the worst offender here.

How many people really need gst-xmllaunch in /usr/bin.  Or gtkdoc-mkman, 
or gtk-builder-convert, or gslj, or gpilot-session-wrapper, or 
gnome-keyring-daemon?  (The list of programs living in /usr/bin, that I 
will probably *never* manually execute from a shell, is now probably 
larger than the list that I will.   And I almost never use GUI based 
launchers -- yes, I still type "firefox", "thunderbird", "emacs", 
"xterm", and even "soffice" in my shell windows.)

This is the kind of clutter that actually *decreases* the usability of 
interactive paths and the shell.

Am I the only one who ever has tried to search for a command where they 
thought that they recalled the first character or two, but weren't sure 
about the rest?  It used to be reasonable to just browse /usr/bin to 
find such candidates.  No longer.

Conversely, back when we were still shipping the spider java 
application, I was incredibly annoyed that it *wasn't* in /usr/bin .. it 
was tucked away in some library directory, and you could *only* execute 
it easily from the Gnome menu.

We can do better in both these cases.

I think if its likely that 10% or more of our users will *ever* want to 
type a command line, then it probably is a good candidate for /usr/bin.  
If its less (in some case far less) than that, then IMO we are doing 
everyone else a disservice by including it in the most common directories.

    -- Garrett


From binarycrusader@gmail.com Mon Mar 10 11:23:20 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 13:21:16 -0500
From: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 1:06 PM, Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com> wrote:
> Shawn Walker wrote:
>  > On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 12:04 PM, Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com> wrote:
>  >>  -There is no good reason to place commands in multiple existing directories.
>  >
>  > I think there is a large difference between *commands* and *applications*.
>  >
>  > I expect *commands* or programs intended to be used as such to be in my path.
>  >
>  > I don't expect every single application, game and random program to be
>  > in my path.
>  >
>  > Putting every single binary in my path is going to make things worse
>  > for me as a user, since if I use command-line completion to hunt for a
>  > particular command, I'm going to see far more results than are
>  > helpful.
>  >
>  >>  There is REALLY no good reason to propose new directories.
>  >
>  > I'm not convinced of that yet.
>  >
>  > For commands, I can agree; but the rest I have a hard time accepting.
>  >
>  > Can we at least find some common ground on that?
>  >
>
>  Personally, if the expected method of invocation is a desktop menu
>  (the update of which must be part of the app) or a mime-handler
>  (also added automatically as part of install) than I don't care
>  very much.
>
>  If it's a curses-based application or command line, it belongs in /usr/bin.

Of course I already can hear the argument against it (which I don't agree with).

That many "gui applications" accept command-line parameters that are
useful, etc.

Still, I think it's worth pursuing.

-- 
Shawn Walker, Software and Systems Analyst
http://binarycrusader.blogspot.com/

"To err is human -- and to blame it on a computer is even more so." -
Robert Orben

From gdamore@sun.com Mon Mar 10 11:24:03 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 11:21:29 -0700
From: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Cc: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>,
        Danek Duvall <Danek.Duvall@sun.com>,
        Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>, PSARC-ext@sun.com,
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Bart Smaalders wrote:
> Shawn Walker wrote:
>> On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 12:04 PM, Bart Smaalders 
>> <bart.smaalders@sun.com> wrote:
>>>  -There is no good reason to place commands in multiple existing 
>>> directories.
>>
>> I think there is a large difference between *commands* and 
>> *applications*.
>>
>> I expect *commands* or programs intended to be used as such to be in 
>> my path.
>>
>> I don't expect every single application, game and random program to be
>> in my path.
>>
>> Putting every single binary in my path is going to make things worse
>> for me as a user, since if I use command-line completion to hunt for a
>> particular command, I'm going to see far more results than are
>> helpful.
>>
>>>  There is REALLY no good reason to propose new directories.
>>
>> I'm not convinced of that yet.
>>
>> For commands, I can agree; but the rest I have a hard time accepting.
>>
>> Can we at least find some common ground on that?
>>
>
> Personally, if the expected method of invocation is a desktop menu
> (the update of which must be part of the app) or a mime-handler
> (also added automatically as part of install) than I don't care
> very much.
>
> If it's a curses-based application or command line, it belongs in 
> /usr/bin.

I call BS.  I routinely type the name of such "handlers" or "desktop 
menu items" in shell windows.  Yes, I type "soffice", usually several 
times a week.  I almost *never* resort to using the Gnome menus.

I was really annoyed when I couldn't find jspider in /usr/bin.  (There 
was an upside, though.  Sun finally got smart and dumped the 
application, saving me from countless wasted hours... :-)

    - Garrett


From Nicolas.Williams@sun.com Mon Mar 10 11:28:27 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 13:28:20 -0500
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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On Sun, Mar 09, 2008 at 09:45:10AM -0700, Garrett D'Amore wrote:
> There's another performance aspect though.  Searching through 

It's been mentioned several times now.

> directories is proportional to the number of entires in it.  One could 

Well, sortof.  UFS does linear searches, so, yes, but ZFS hashes its
directories, so, no.  ZFS boot could/should be the answer to this
concern.

> Of course, mitigating this concern is the fact that many (most?) 
> interactive shells hash the search path -- getting O(1) search time 
> instead of O(n).   But does exec() also take the hit, to find a 
> directory entry, even when fully qualified?

Why couldn't the VFS/fop/filesystem hash /usr/bin even when the
undernlying filesystem on-disk format doesn't?

Why should this performance issue complicate other parts of the system's
architecture when we can just address this performance issue?

> I'd be a fan of fewer things in /usr/bin, and perhaps longer search 
> paths for users (/usr/bin, /usr/gnome/bin, /usr/X11/bin, /usr/games (or 
> /usr/games/bin), etc.  I'm not sure when the last time we modified the 
> default search path for users was, though....

Modifying the default PATH doesn't help.  Modifying users' shell dot
files is not reasonable, or feasible.

I agree that nothing belongs in /usr/bin that is launched from a GUI but
not from the CLI.  That's about it.

From gdamore@sun.com Mon Mar 10 11:53:29 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 11:50:51 -0700
From: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Shawn Walker wrote:
>>  Personally, if the expected method of invocation is a desktop menu
>>  (the update of which must be part of the app) or a mime-handler
>>  (also added automatically as part of install) than I don't care
>>  very much.
>>
>>  If it's a curses-based application or command line, it belongs in /usr/bin.
>>     
>
> Of course I already can hear the argument against it (which I don't agree with).
>
> That many "gui applications" accept command-line parameters that are
> useful, etc.
>
> Still, I think it's worth pursuing.
>
>   
Heh.  I'm still bitter (well, maybe not really bitter) that to format 
troff documents such as man pages into postscript, I have to type a pipe 
that include this horrible command path:  
"/usr/lib/lp/postscript/dpost".  I suspect I'm not the only one who 
types that command line occasionally, and probably more than a few have 
either put /usr/lib/lp/postscript/ into their PATH, or linked dpost 
somewhere useful, or just written a wrapper script (e.g. an "ms2ps" or 
"troffit" script. :-)

The argument that commands which only get started by the GUI should not 
be accessible via /usr/bin (or some other "easily accessible" path, such 
as /usr/gnome/bin or somesuch, ala /usr/dt/bin) is probably being made 
mostly by folks who don't really use a CLI for most of their work.  
There are a lot of us CLI folks out there, and even though we use GUI 
applications, we often use a CLI to start them.

(Now, "helper" applications, such as a program that is really only a 
helper for another GUI application, are a different matter entirely.  
/usr/bin/totem-video-indexer is a good example.  I suspect that it 
serves no useful purpose living in /usr/bin.)

Btw, I'm actually moderately offended that gnome/autoconfig tools seem 
to like to put the "-config" programs in ${prefix}/bin rather 
${prefix}/lib.    These programs are only ever used by 
autoconfig/automake subsystems, when building software.  Yes, I believe 
${prefix}/bin should be for commands that humans type. :-)

    -- Garrett



From binarycrusader@gmail.com Mon Mar 10 12:09:15 2008
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From: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 1:50 PM, Garrett D'Amore <gdamore@sun.com> wrote:
> Shawn Walker wrote:
>  >>  Personally, if the expected method of invocation is a desktop menu
>  >>  (the update of which must be part of the app) or a mime-handler
>  >>  (also added automatically as part of install) than I don't care
>  >>  very much.
>  >>
>  >>  If it's a curses-based application or command line, it belongs in /usr/bin.
>  >>
>  >
>  > Of course I already can hear the argument against it (which I don't agree with).
>  >
>  > That many "gui applications" accept command-line parameters that are
>  > useful, etc.
>  >
>  > Still, I think it's worth pursuing.
>  >
>  >
>  Heh.  I'm still bitter (well, maybe not really bitter) that to format
>  troff documents such as man pages into postscript, I have to type a pipe
>  that include this horrible command path:
>  "/usr/lib/lp/postscript/dpost".  I suspect I'm not the only one who
>  types that command line occasionally, and probably more than a few have
>  either put /usr/lib/lp/postscript/ into their PATH, or linked dpost
>  somewhere useful, or just written a wrapper script (e.g. an "ms2ps" or
>  "troffit" script. :-)
>
>  The argument that commands which only get started by the GUI should not
>  be accessible via /usr/bin (or some other "easily accessible" path, such
>  as /usr/gnome/bin or somesuch, ala /usr/dt/bin) is probably being made
>  mostly by folks who don't really use a CLI for most of their work.
>  There are a lot of us CLI folks out there, and even though we use GUI
>  applications, we often use a CLI to start them.
>
>  (Now, "helper" applications, such as a program that is really only a
>  helper for another GUI application, are a different matter entirely.
>  /usr/bin/totem-video-indexer is a good example.  I suspect that it
>  serves no useful purpose living in /usr/bin.)
>
>  Btw, I'm actually moderately offended that gnome/autoconfig tools seem
>  to like to put the "-config" programs in ${prefix}/bin rather
>  ${prefix}/lib.    These programs are only ever used by
>  autoconfig/automake subsystems, when building software.  Yes, I believe
>  ${prefix}/bin should be for commands that humans type. :-)

As you have pointed out; I think the real answer is that you can't
"blindly categorise" things as belonging in one place or another.

I think a better way to handle it is as you suggested: only put things
intended for "humans to type" in /usr/bin (and thus, the PATH).

Yes, I know that's subjective and a case-by-case basis; but wouldn't
it result in a better system overall?

If putting things into /usr/bin is about user experience, then we
should be careful to do that in a positive manner.

-- 
Shawn Walker, Software and Systems Analyst
http://binarycrusader.blogspot.com/

"To err is human -- and to blame it on a computer is even more so." -
Robert Orben

From jek3@sun.com Mon Mar 10 14:01:43 2008
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From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Cc: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>, Danek Duvall <Danek.Duvall@sun.com>,
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Bart Smaalders wrote:
> There is REALLY no good reason to propose new directories.
It seems that lots of people have different reasons.

I want to re-iterate is the my concern is "linux familiarity".

Danek sent me some more information (as in *what* linux?) which I
am still digesting.

Aside: We need to decide what our view is of the LSB/FSH.  We
should decide if it is interesting or not.  Picking and choosing from
it seems like the wrong thing.

- jek3


From jek3@sun.com Mon Mar 10 14:45:16 2008
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From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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        "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>,
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Shawn Walker wrote:
>>  If it's a curses-based application or command line, it belongs in /usr/bin.
>>     
>
> Of course I already can hear the argument against it (which I don't agree with).
>
> That many "gui applications" accept command-line parameters that are
> useful, etc.
>
> Still, I think it's worth pursuing.
>   
PSARC argument #7 is "/usr/bin or /usr/sbin"?

There are fairly good semantic definitions for these.

There are some who would like to change the semantic of /usr/sbin, but
I'll submit that that's a different discussion.  (Bart is one of these 
people
and in earlier mail lamented that ndd was rejected as a precedent.  At that
time, the ARC strongly suggested that if he wanted change the semantic,
that he file a specific case. Hasn't happened, so we still have the 
status-quo.)

The interesting case about argument #7 is "sure its a administrative
utility, but its useful to the end user (or some small set of end users).

My view (tm) is that any user who is experienced enough to use these
utilities, also know how to set their PATH.  Other views differ.

Anyway, two observations:

    1.   We should resolve this so that we don't have to have argument #7
          time and time again (or at least restrict it to the very gray 
cases).

    2.   The discussion of "which directory is appropriate for games"
          is not a choice between existing directories.  (All though nethack
          sounds a little like it belongs in /sbin.)

- jek3



From jek3@sun.com Mon Mar 10 14:55:57 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 11:53:28 -1000
From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <b9c544f0803101206x334ef7bahcabfee17e813f55@mail.gmail.com>
To: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>
Cc: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>,
        Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>,
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Shawn Walker wrote:
> I think a better way to handle it is as you suggested: only put things
> intended for "humans to type" in /usr/bin (and thus, the PATH).
>   
Does this imply that system administrators aren't human.  I somehow 
always suspected that :-)

(Please *really* note the smiley.)

Seriously, are you a proponent of eliminating /usr/sbin.

- jek3


From danek.duvall@sun.com Mon Mar 10 15:00:45 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 15:00:36 -0700
From: Danek Duvall <danek.duvall@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47D5AB56.4050306@sun.com>
To: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
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On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 11:42:46AM -1000, Joseph Kowalski wrote:

> (All though nethack sounds a little like it belongs in /sbin.)

Only if it were needed before /usr were mounted.  While I agree that it
should go into the failsafe archive for use at this time, the only reason
to put it in /sbin would be if it could assist you in mounting /usr.

Unfortunately, at this time, you can only mount your pony (or horse or
warhorse, if they've enough XP).

I can file an RFE with the nethack folks if you like.

Danek

PS  You all can keep your sick "mount" jokes to yourself.  That's what
incubi and succubi are for, not ponies.

From binarycrusader@gmail.com Mon Mar 10 15:02:26 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 17:02:15 -0500
From: Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 4:53 PM, Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com> wrote:
> Shawn Walker wrote:
>  > I think a better way to handle it is as you suggested: only put things
>  > intended for "humans to type" in /usr/bin (and thus, the PATH).
>  >
>  Does this imply that system administrators aren't human.  I somehow
>  always suspected that :-)
>
>  (Please *really* note the smiley.)
>
>  Seriously, are you a proponent of eliminating /usr/sbin.

I personally have no feeling one way or another on /usr/sbin.

I just know that "executable files" (as others have pointed out) that
are really intended for the internal operation of a piece of software,
not as an "interface" for human beings, serve little purpose in
/usr/bin.

That and I *very frequently* use commands found only in /usr/sbin,
such as the zfs ones.

I wasn't part of the serendipitous discovery discussion; but I felt
compelled to comment on this particular one.

-- 
Shawn Walker, Software and Systems Analyst
http://binarycrusader.blogspot.com/

"To err is human -- and to blame it on a computer is even more so." -
Robert Orben

From gdamore@sun.com Mon Mar 10 15:04:35 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 15:01:55 -0700
From: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Joseph Kowalski wrote:
> Shawn Walker wrote:
>> I think a better way to handle it is as you suggested: only put things
>> intended for "humans to type" in /usr/bin (and thus, the PATH).
>>   
> Does this imply that system administrators aren't human.  I somehow 
> always suspected that :-)
>
> (Please *really* note the smiley.)
>
> Seriously, are you a proponent of eliminating /usr/sbin.

Not necessarily speaking for Shawn here, but I would say that:

a) only putting things intended for "humans to type" doesn't mean 
"putting all things that humans are intended to type"

b) system administrators can reasonably be expected to have /usr/sbin in 
their path.

My view is that the "path" should normally be viewed as some small set 
of directories:

/usr/bin: always on the path
/usr/sbin:  added if the person is an administrator
/usr/X11/bin:  added if the person is running in an X11 interactive 
environment
/usr/openwin/bin: legacy addition that should be made a symlink to 
/usr/X11/bin (IMO)
/usr/dt/bin: added if the person is running CDE
/usr/gnome/bin (hypothetical): added if the person is running gnome
/usr/ccs/bin: added for some compiler users -- but almost everything  
here really belongs in /usr/bin, IMO
/usr/ucb: added only for BSD compatibility -- would like to see most of 
this go away some day, or be relegated to a symlink farm to /usr/bin...
/usr/xpg{4,6}/bin: POSIX compatibility, overrides for /usr/bin where 
required

/usr/lib, /usr/libexec, etc. : never on an interactive PATH

If folks choosing where to put programs could choose intelligently from 
one of the above locations, a lot would self-resolve, IMO.  Part of the 
problem, I think, is that the aforementioned intelligence somehow seems 
lacking....

Btw, I am ambivalent on the existence of /usr/games.  Its not in my 
PATH, in any event. :-)

    -- Garrett

>
> - jek3
>


From jek3@sun.com Mon Mar 10 15:59:52 2008
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Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Danek Duvall wrote:
> On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 11:42:46AM -1000, Joseph Kowalski wrote:
>
>   
>> (All though nethack sounds a little like it belongs in /sbin.)
>>     
>
> Only if it were needed before /usr were mounted.  While I agree that it
> should go into the failsafe archive for use at this time, the only reason
> to put it in /sbin would be if it could assist you in mounting /usr.
>   
Sorry, I meant to say /usr/sbin.

It was joke anyway.

- jek3


From James.Walker@sun.com Mon Mar 10 19:26:14 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 20:32:53 -0600
From: Jim Walker <James.Walker@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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John Plocher wrote:
> Jim Walker wrote:
>> BTW. When would the execution directory namespace settle down?
> 
> If we "fixed" PATH, this could become "no longer a problem".
> 
> Not to design on the fly, but :-) if we were to extend its semantics to 
> include wildcards, we could have
> 
> PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/applications/*:...
> 
> and you would never need to change your PATH setting again...  This isn't a
> serious suggestion (I haven't thought about the ramifications...), but simply
> an observation that things look different once you get outside the box...
> 

Staying outside the box...

Why don't we turn things upside down with a couple of new variables.

PATHAUTO

when true the PATH variable is ignored, and the internal command hash
equals all commands on the system minus any found in directories listed
in PATHIGNORE.

PATHIGNORE

lists the paths to ignore from the command path when PATHAUTO is on.

Most users would have PATHAUTO on and most developers wouldn't, and
the namespace lords would continue to have fun keeping commands unique.

:)

From unixconsole@yahoo.com Mon Mar 10 22:31:51 2008
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2008 22:31:45 -0700 (PDT)
From: Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
To: Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>,
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Cc: Danek Duvall <Danek.Duvall@sun.com>,
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Hi,

On the issue of /usr/sfw.. the problem for users and companies alike is that you don't see /usr/sfw on any other UNIX or UNIX-like system. It's not something people would even think of looking at, unless they took the time to explore.

However, to suggest that /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /sbin, /bin, /usr/X*/bin, etc. are somehow outdated is a bit unfounded. Users, sys-admins, and developers alike are familiar with these directories on other platforms, so they are very relevant. The biggest compliant I've seen in large shops about S10 is how all the *desktop* stuff has been dumped into /usr/bin, specifically Gnome. As a result, many shops un-install these components to *clean* things up and then wonder why things are broken when they try to login to Gnome. 

And there are plenty of shops that go install things like the blastwave packages to give everyone the choice of things like a newer version of Gnome, KDE, xfce, etc. Does it make sense to put Gnome in /usr/bin for customers who want the flexibility to install or roll their own?

The real problem that's coming out of this is.. who is our target audience? Are we trying to cater to the Linux crowd? Realistically, we'll probably never convert them as a whole to Solaris. Just as you can't expect every Windows user to switch to Mac OS X. But those who do make the switch do so because it's different and because it provides value. The goal here should be to provide real differentiating value. Solaris has stood out in the sense that it embraces standards at the API and ABI level. We should build upon that, not emulate another OS just to be the *same*. 

Overall, I think we can agree there are definitely some out-dated components, conventions, and directories in Solaris. Perhaps things like /usr/games, /usr/sfw, or /usr/sadm don't make a lot of sense. However, there are items that exist for compatibility, standards, and compliance. We supply personalities.. /usr/gnu, /usr/xpg4, /usr/xpg6, /usr/ucb. Why? To give customers choice.

Users know that they have to change their $PATH to get the desired result. To assume that customers at some level don't understand the use of $PATH, is a bit short sighted and perhaps even insulting. There will always be a user that needs help with things like this, but that is why sys-admins and application owners (web admins, db admins, etc.) are employed.

Now, does that mean we shouldn't bother making it easier for users? Of course not. But, I am deeply concerned that we may take things to the extreme and ultimately make /usr/bin a nightmare for both users, sys-admins, and developers alike. I'd hate for users to complain that there's "too much stuff" in /usr/bin and that they can't *find* the command they're looking for. This only leads to users requesting the amount of stuff to be cut back.. which means extra cycles spent by sys-admins creating a scaled down OS install. Not my idea of fun!

If we're trying to make Gnome better, then perhaps we need to make better $PATH statements in the login session that users inherit? Perhaps we need to include more of the GUI tools in the Gnome menus. I don't see dhcpmgr, printmgr, or smc in the Gnome menus for example. And the menus are not dependent upon $PATH. Wouldn't it be easier to have better default $PATH statements? The concept that was mentioned earlier of having an AUTOPATH was interesting. 

Another way to look at this is.. when customers install something like Oracle or Weblogic for example.. they don't install it into /usr/bin. Why is that? If we were to apply the logic of throwing everything into /usr/bin to make life easier, shouldn't those binaries go into /usr/bin? The answer is simple. It is generally accepted that /usr/bin contains OS tools and commands, not 3rd party apps or non-OS related items. Directories and paths are used to separate tools, apps, data, etc. just in the same way that humans have organized everything from libraries and filing cabinets to cities and governments. To not separate things in some logical manner is counter intuitive. The mind seeks organization:)

We are in this quandary because we are including more components into Solaris that are not really related to the core OS functionality and need some way of making it easier for users to find those items. 

When users login from the command line, we have standard methods for setting things like $PATH, for example /etc/profile. When users log into CDE or Gnome, there is a multitude of shell variables that are set automatically. If we leveraged these tools, is there a real need for having everything in /usr/bin??

So where do we draw the line? How do we determine what should go into /usr/bin vs. /usr/sbin or /usr/<app>/<version>/bin? Kinda brings us back to what I had suggested earlier..

1. If an app is to go into /usr/bin, it must meet these requirements:
- It is not an administrative command that requires privs. If so, it may have to go into /usr/sbin.
- Its name does not conflict with a standard command already located in /usr/bin
-It does not conflict with the default Solaris behavior. If so, it should be located in the appropriate/usr/<behavior> name space, (/usr/gnu, /usr/ucb, /usr/xpg4, /usr/xpg6).
- It does not require the support of multiple versions.
-It is not a large suite of software (i.e. X11, Gnome, CDE, OpenWindows, Postgres,MySQL, Apache, Sun Cluster, etc.).If so, it should be located in/usr/<app name>/<version>/ directory.

2. If an app is to be sym-linked into /usr/bin, it must meet these requirements:
-It must be appropriate for general consumption by users and otherapplications (i.e. mv, ls , pgrep, soffice, firefox, gcc, cc)
- Itis part of a larger suite of software, located in /usr/<appname>/<version>, that is appropriate for general consumptionby users and other applications (i.e. StarOffice, Gnome applications,Firefox, gcc, cc, perl, java). This does not include application leveladministrative/priv binaries (i.e. Xsun, httpd, scinstall, gdm, xdm).
- The latest version is sym-linked without a version number. For example, /usr/bin/java would link to java 6, and /usr/bin/java1.5 would link to java 1.5.

This would lead to things like:

/usr/gnome/<version>
/usr/kde/<version>
/usr/apache/<version>
/usr/mysql/<version>
/usr/postgres/<version>
/usr/JES/<version>
/usr/webmin/<version>
etc. 

Of course, this could lead to a larger /usr. For example, it would be silly to separate out the JES software since all the components are part of a larger suite. So there is possibility for some consolidation. 

This seems like a more reasonable approach when combined with proper $PATH and shell environmental variables. The concept of having auto-discovery is interesting. Perhaps something like /etc/auto{path, man, lib, etc.} would make sense. That way when software is installed, it updates those configuration files. If someone wants to use those variables, they can set a variable, like "export AUTODISCOVERY=true" in their profile. Perhaps make it the default or a GUI option in Gnome? 



*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
Octave J. Orgeron
Solaris Systems Engineer
http://www.opensolaris.org/os/community/sysadmin/
http://unixconsole.blogspot.com
unixconsole@yahoo.com
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

----- Original Message ----
From: Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>
To: Garrett D'Amore <gdamore@sun.com>
Cc: Danek Duvall <Danek.Duvall@sun.com>; Octave Orgeron <unixconsole@yahoo.com>; Shawn Walker <swalker@opensolaris.org>; PSARC-ext@sun.com; Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2008 12:04:32 PM
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]

Garrett D'Amore wrote:

> There's another performance aspect though.  Searching through 
> directories is proportional to the number of entires in it.

If you're using UFS.  On ZFS, no.


>  One could 
> argue that the most frequently accessed stuff should be in /usr/bin, and 
> other, less frequently accessed stuff, could live in directories that 
> appeared later in the search path, or were more easily pruned from 
> user's paths.

Given that the next release of Solaris will use ZFS as it's root filesystem,
any arguments about lookup performance are moot.   (They're moot on
UFS, too, of course, because of the DNLC.)

-There is no good reason to place commands in multiple existing directories.

There is REALLY no good reason to propose new directories.

Using directory location as an indexing method for software makes
no sense, because the user and system admin cost is so high when
someone decides to add a new directory - every Solaris user around the
world would need his/her path variables changed to see the new software.

Ask around and find out how many people never discovered that gcc
was present on every S10 full install in /usr/sfw.

If you want better indexing and information on available commands,
fine.  Build better docs, help tools, etc - _don't_ try to implement 
this via
adding more directories in the user's path.

- Bart


-- 
Bart Smaalders            Solaris Kernel Performance
barts@cyber.eng.sun.com        http://blogs.sun.com/barts
"You will contribute more with mercurial than with thunderbird."





      ____________________________________________________________________________________
Never miss a thing.  Make Yahoo your home page. 
http://www.yahoo.com/r/hs

From Nicolas.Williams@sun.com Tue Mar 11 21:37:41 2008
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2008 23:37:32 -0500
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47D5830B.2060005@sun.com>
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On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 11:50:51AM -0700, Garrett D'Amore wrote:
> The argument that commands which only get started by the GUI should not 
> be accessible via /usr/bin (or some other "easily accessible" path, such 
> as /usr/gnome/bin or somesuch, ala /usr/dt/bin) is probably being made 
> mostly by folks who don't really use a CLI for most of their work.  

I live in screen(1) in whatever GUI terminal works best for me wherever
I happen to be.  So, ssh to my desktop, attach to my screen, use mutt
for e-mail, CLI tools for practically everything except browsing the web
(but I use lynx for reading HTML e-mail) and viewing PDFs.  When I have
to I break out StarOffice.  That's my work environment in a nutshell.
You might want to look at my .kshrc.user, .kshaliases and .kshcd files
sometime -- let me know and I'll e-mail them to you.

And trust me, my view is everything I'd run from the CLI belongs in
/usr/bin, with the exception of some admin things that may belong in
/usr/sbin.

I do start firefox, evince, xpdf and soffice from the CLI some times and
some others via the GUI.

In other words: pffft :) :)

> (Now, "helper" applications, such as a program that is really only a 
> helper for another GUI application, are a different matter entirely.  
> /usr/bin/totem-video-indexer is a good example.  I suspect that it 
> serves no useful purpose living in /usr/bin.)

Correct.  We agree those go in /usr/lib.

> Btw, I'm actually moderately offended that gnome/autoconfig tools seem 
> to like to put the "-config" programs in ${prefix}/bin rather 
> ${prefix}/lib.    These programs are only ever used by 
> autoconfig/automake subsystems, when building software.  Yes, I believe 
> ${prefix}/bin should be for commands that humans type. :-)

But guess what: configure needs to be able to find those!  So how will
it if those are not in your $PATH?  And what will users think when
configure doesn't do what they think it should?  (Hint: most likely
we'll just piss off FOSS developers who find that they have to do things
they'd rather not to build on Solaris.)  Users can't be expected to know
what to add to $PATH to get configure to know how to find *-config.  No
way.

Nico
-- 

From Nicolas.Williams@sun.com Tue Mar 11 21:40:18 2008
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2008 23:40:15 -0500
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <b9c544f0803101206x334ef7bahcabfee17e813f55@mail.gmail.com>
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On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 02:06:55PM -0500, Shawn Walker wrote:
> I think a better way to handle it is as you suggested: only put things
> intended for "humans to type" in /usr/bin (and thus, the PATH).

Well, I do think that scripts need to be careful to set PATH correctly,
but still, Garret's autoconf/configure and *-config example is very
instructive, even if in the opposite way that he intended.

But then, script writing shouldn't be made unnecessarily harder.

Nico
-- 

From gdamore@sun.com Tue Mar 11 23:04:24 2008
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2008 23:01:51 -0700
From: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 02:06:55PM -0500, Shawn Walker wrote:
>   
>> I think a better way to handle it is as you suggested: only put things
>> intended for "humans to type" in /usr/bin (and thus, the PATH).
>>     
>
> Well, I do think that scripts need to be careful to set PATH correctly,
> but still, Garret's autoconf/configure and *-config example is very
> instructive, even if in the opposite way that he intended.
>
> But then, script writing shouldn't be made unnecessarily harder.
>
> Nico
>   

Ugh.  I just can't seem to resist replying.  Sorry in advance....

Looking at *-config, I was bemoaning the fact that these FOSS packages 
feel the need to drop their detritus in my path.  There are far far 
better solutions that could have been done had some actual "engineering" 
taken place.  (E.g. a common registry, or dot files in ~, or 
something.)  Heck even manually searching the items in PATH with an 
append of "../lib/<pkg-config>" or somesuch.

However, I also understand that we can't change the world.  
Unfortunately, it appears that in the current regime, when Linux or GPL 
delivers stuff that is basically crap (don't even get me started on 
autoconf/automake!), the expectation is that we will ship the same crap, 
in more or less the same locations, all to serve the new higher god of 
"serendipitous discovery" (or Linux "compatibility".)

Can't say that I'm thrilled that we seem so willing to abdicate our 
engineering decisions to FOSS groups who have repeatedly shown (at least 
IMO) that they often have little regard for sound architecture, and even 
less regard for portability to Solaris or stable interfaces.  Oh 
well....  hopefully its helping to win hearts and minds somewhere, or 
something like that.

    -- Garrett

/me longs for the day when Linux was trying to be more like Solaris -- 
early FSSTND -- that's the precursor to FHS -- were inspired greatly by 
Solaris and SunOS, rather than the reverse.

From alan.coopersmith@sun.com Wed Mar 12 07:39:05 2008
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From: Alan Coopersmith <alan.coopersmith@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <47D771CF.20802@sun.com>
To: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
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Garrett D'Amore wrote:
> Looking at *-config, I was bemoaning the fact that these FOSS packages 
> feel the need to drop their detritus in my path.  There are far far 
> better solutions that could have been done had some actual "engineering" 
> taken place.  (E.g. a common registry, or dot files in ~, or 
> something.)  

*-config only exist for backwards compatibility in most packages now,
because some engineering was done several years ago, and most packages
have moved to providing *.pc data files used by the common pkg-config
command.   Compare the number of files in /usr/lib/pkgconfig to the
number of /usr/bin/*-config commands and learn just what you were
saved from.

-- 
	-Alan Coopersmith-           alan.coopersmith@sun.com
	 Sun Microsystems, Inc. - X Window System Engineering

From Garrett.Damore@sun.com Wed Mar 12 07:46:49 2008
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2008 07:46:37 -0700
From: "Garrett D'Amore" <Garrett.Damore@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Alan Coopersmith wrote:
> Garrett D'Amore wrote:
>> Looking at *-config, I was bemoaning the fact that these FOSS 
>> packages feel the need to drop their detritus in my path.  There are 
>> far far better solutions that could have been done had some actual 
>> "engineering" taken place.  (E.g. a common registry, or dot files in 
>> ~, or something.)  
>
> *-config only exist for backwards compatibility in most packages now,
> because some engineering was done several years ago, and most packages
> have moved to providing *.pc data files used by the common pkg-config
> command.   Compare the number of files in /usr/lib/pkgconfig to the
> number of /usr/bin/*-config commands and learn just what you were
> saved from.

In a word, "Yay!"

    -- Garrett



From jek3@sun.com Wed Mar 12 11:11:59 2008
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From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
In-reply-to: <20080312043731.GH986@Sun.COM>
To: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>,
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        Bart Smaalders <bart.smaalders@sun.com>,
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
>> (Now, "helper" applications, such as a program that is really only a 
>> helper for another GUI application, are a different matter entirely.  
>> /usr/bin/totem-video-indexer is a good example.  I suspect that it 
>> serves no useful purpose living in /usr/bin.)
>>     
>
> Correct.  We agree those go in /usr/lib.
>   
Well maybe.  Certainly not /usr/bin, but perhaps we are starting to add 
too much
to the clutter.  Sorta like sweeping the crumbs from one room to another.

BTW: The number of entries in /usr/lib used to be much more of a performance
issue than /usr/bin ever was (ld.so.1 does a lot more stats than sh).  I 
don't know
the current state (maybe fast caches lower this into the noise.)

- jek3


From Nicolas.Williams@sun.com Wed Mar 12 11:30:14 2008
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2008 13:30:03 -0500
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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On Wed, Mar 12, 2008 at 08:09:24AM -1000, Joseph Kowalski wrote:
> > Correct.  We agree those go in /usr/lib.
> >   
> Well maybe.  Certainly not /usr/bin, but perhaps we are starting to
> add too much to the clutter.  Sorta like sweeping the crumbs from one
> room to another.
> 
> BTW: The number of entries in /usr/lib used to be much more of a
> performance issue than /usr/bin ever was (ld.so.1 does a lot more
> stats than sh).  I don't know the current state (maybe fast caches
> lower this into the noise.)

Oh sure, I would be happy with /usr/lib/exec or /usr/libexec, or
/usr/lib/<pkg>/...

But I thought that all executables not to be run by users or sysadmins
(e.g., daemons started by SMF) go into /usr/lib (having recently
delivered such a thing...).

Nico
-- 

From Nicolas.Williams@sun.com Wed Mar 12 11:32:03 2008
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2008 13:32:00 -0500
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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I agree, *-config shouldn't have to belong to /usr/bin.  That they do is
an accident of history that we probably cannot really change now.

From jek3@sun.com Wed Mar 12 11:38:50 2008
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From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Garrett D'Amore wrote:
> Can't say that I'm thrilled that we seem so willing to abdicate our 
> engineering decisions to FOSS groups who have repeatedly shown (at 
> least IMO) that they often have little regard for sound architecture, 
> and even less regard for portability to Solaris or stable interfaces.  
> Oh well....  hopefully its helping to win hearts and minds somewhere, 
> or something like that.
Be careful here.  *We* are now a FOSS group.  You shouldn't paint all 
FOSS groups with a "broad brush".

I think the issue is that we don't do a good enough job of vetting the 
quality/supportability/stability of FOSS.  This *has always* been part 
of the job, dating back to the original "include FOSS in Solaris" 
cases.  This requirement hasn't changed.

Note that this is the same basic problem for Ubuntu, RedHat, whoever... 
Solaris just has (had?) a higher bar.

The other problem is that Solaris isn't Linux.  It often takes some work 
to port Linux targeted FOSS to advanced Solaris facilities.  Maybe we 
could help with a document or check list of these things.  I suspect 
FOSS maintainers get rather annoyed when the first time they find out of 
such things is by the ARC or the c-teams.  On the other side, the 
maintainers should understand that it often takes more than recompile to 
be part of the OpenSolaris community.

I think FOSS guys can be neat.  I'd even let my daughter marry one 
(after I checked his background).  :-)

However, this is a different thread (er, "not the digression from the 
digression from the `not this case` discussion). I just felt that we 
should be careful to not be pejorative to FOSS.

- jek3



From jek3@sun.com Thu Mar 13 00:46:21 2008
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From: Joseph Kowalski <jek3@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 12, 2008 at 08:09:24AM -1000, Joseph Kowalski wrote:
>   
>>> Correct.  We agree those go in /usr/lib.
>>>   
>>>       
>> Well maybe.  Certainly not /usr/bin, but perhaps we are starting to
>> add too much to the clutter.  Sorta like sweeping the crumbs from one
>> room to another.
>>
>> BTW: The number of entries in /usr/lib used to be much more of a
>> performance issue than /usr/bin ever was (ld.so.1 does a lot more
>> stats than sh).  I don't know the current state (maybe fast caches
>> lower this into the noise.)
>>     
>
> Oh sure, I would be happy with /usr/lib/exec or /usr/libexec, or
> /usr/lib/<pkg>/...
>
> But I thought that all executables not to be run by users or sysadmins
> (e.g., daemons started by SMF) go into /usr/lib (having recently
> delivered such a thing...).
>
> Nico
>   
Yes, using /usr/lib is existing practice.  Should we improve on it (in 
this context)?
I'm not sure its worth the effort, but I think we should consider such 
an improvement
as we refine the /usr/bin semantics.

- jek3


From Glynn.Foster@sun.com Thu Mar 13 14:50:51 2008
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2008 10:51:02 +1300
From: Glynn Foster <Glynn.Foster@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Nethack 3.4.3 [PSARC/2008/172 FastTrack timeout 03/11/2008]
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Garrett D'Amore wrote:
> The argument that commands which only get started by the GUI should not 
> be accessible via /usr/bin (or some other "easily accessible" path, such 
> as /usr/gnome/bin or somesuch, ala /usr/dt/bin) is probably being made 
> mostly by folks who don't really use a CLI for most of their work.  
> There are a lot of us CLI folks out there, and even though we use GUI 
> applications, we often use a CLI to start them.

Who's up for creating some sort of .hidden functionality for applications that 
you don't want to appear in tab file completion? :)

> (Now, "helper" applications, such as a program that is really only a 
> helper for another GUI application, are a different matter entirely.  
> /usr/bin/totem-video-indexer is a good example.  I suspect that it 
> serves no useful purpose living in /usr/bin.)

Those are bugs really. The desktop team have sent many patches upstream to fix a 
lot of those, and make sure they get installed into ${libexecdir} instead. 
Unfortunately they usually get low priority from the maintainers.


Glynn

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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> I agree, *-config shouldn't have to belong to /usr/bin.  That they do is
> an accident of history that we probably cannot really change now.

Most of them will go away with time - most FOSS software has started to use 
pkgconfig instead. We probably could decide to support only pkgconfig with 
little harm, especially when there's a choice of both.


Glynn

