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Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2009 16:05:49 -0700 (PDT)
From: Ted Kim <tedk@sac.sfbay.sun.com>
Subject: IPoIB Connected Mode [PSARC/2009/593 FastTrack timeout 11/06/2009]
To: PSARC-ext@sun.com
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Template Version: @(#)sac_nextcase 1.68 02/23/09 SMI
This information is Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems
1. Introduction
    1.1. Project/Component Working Name:
	 IPoIB Connected Mode
    1.2. Name of Document Author/Supplier:
	 Author:  Kevin Ge
    1.3  Date of This Document:
	30 October, 2009
4. Technical Description

A. Overview
-----------

   This case proposes changes to the Solaris kernel to provide support
   for "Connected Mode" in the IPoIB driver ibd(7D) (described in [1]
   and [2]).

   The Infiniband Architecture [3] defines multiple "transport service
   types", including Unreliable Datagram (UD), Reliable Connected (RC)
   and Unreliable Connected (UC). Current ibd (based on [4]) runs in
   "Datagram Mode" over the UD transport service type. Connected Mode
   (described in [5]) can use either UC and/or RC.

   This IPoIB-CM project uses RC, because of the desire to
   inter-operate with Linux which also uses RC. The main advantage of
   Connected Mode is better performance (higher throughput and lower
   CPU utilization) based on using very large MTUs (see below for more
   discussion). Connected Mode, though, can have the disadvantage of
   consuming more resources, especially when scaling up to a large
   cluster (due to using an InfiniBand connection to each destination).

   Note that this case only covers all necessary changes to support
   IPoIB driver running in Connected Mode over RC. Other enhancements
   are outside the scope of this case.

   A micro/patch binding is asserted for this proposal.

B. Connected Mode IPoIB driver
------------------------------

   The revised ibd(7D) driver will support both Connected and Datagram
   mode. The features from the current Datagram mode ibd driver will
   be inherited. The remainder of this section discusses interface
   additions for the Connected mode capable driver.


B.1 Switching between datagram and connected mode

   The existing ibd driver in OpenSolaris and Solaris 10 does not
   ship with a driver .conf file. However, the Connected Mode support
   described in this case introduces a new parameter 'enable_rc' that
   may be set via the ibd driver .conf file.

   This parameter specifies whether each ibd instance defaults to
   using Connected Mode over RC or not.

       # 1: unicast packets will be sent over Reliable Connected Mode
       # 0: unicast packets will be sent over Unreliable Datagram Mode
       #
       # Each element in the list below maps to the corresponding ibd
       # instance; the first element is for ibd instance 0, the second
       # element is for instance 1 and so on.
       #
       enable_rc=1,1,0,0;

   Please note that Connected Mode support in IPoIB is optional as per
   [5]. Therefore, if Connected Mode is not available for a remote
   node, the Datagram mode will automatically be used for that
   destination by the ibd driver. Therefore, the only meaning of
   'enable_rc' is to decide whether to try Connected Mode first or
   not, and whether to advertise this as a capability supported by
   this instance or not.

   The default value for 'enable_rc' for each instance is 0. Hence
   without a ibd.conf file, Datagram mode will be used. We intend to
   ship a driver .conf file for ibd in ONNV (and hence OpenSolaris)
   with enable_rc set to all ones (enabling Connected Mode by
   default on all instances) for the best performance.

   However, for Solaris 10, we have received business guidance to have
   an "opt-in" approach due to a desire for greater stability in
   established enterprise environments. We will do this by not
   shipping the .conf file. Therefore, by default Solaris 10 will be
   Datagram mode. It will take an explicit administrator action
   (setting enable_rc) to cause Solaris 10 to use Connected Mode.
  
   OFED (Linux IB) originally made Connected Mode opt-in too. However,
   later OFED made it the default. We don't intend to change it later
   to be the default in Solaris 10. However, Solaris Next, being
   descended from ONNV, will have it as default.

   An edited ibd(7D) manpage documenting this change is in the
   materials directory.

B.2 Change of default MTU size

   Connected Mode by virtue of using the RC transport service type
   offers link MTUs of up to 2^31-4 octets in length. Thus, the use of
   Connected Mode can offer benefits by supporting very large MTUs.
   Datagram Mode using UD is limited to 4092 (4K-4) octets, though
   commonly only 2044 (2K-4) is offered.

   Due to the limits of the TCP/IP protocol, it makes sense to only
   offer up to 65535 (64K-1) bytes. OFED (i.e. Linux IB) uses 65520
   (64K-16) byte MTU for alignment reasons. To inter-operate with
   OFED at the best performance, we also adopt 65520 as the default
   MTU of the Connected Mode.


C. Interfaces
-------------
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                     Interfaces Exported                           |
+---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
|    Interface Name         |  Classification  |      Comment       |
+---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
|/kernel/drv/ibd.conf*      |   Uncommitted    | Configuration file |
+---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
 * = only for OpenSolaris


D. References
-------------

   [1] IP over InfiniBand, PSARC/2001/289

   [2] IPoIB Conversion to GLDv3, PSARC/2007/636

   [3] InfiniBand Architecture Specification Volume 1, Release 1.2.1,
     InfiniBand Trade Association, 2007.
     http://www.infinibandta.org/content/pages.php?pg=technology_download

   [4] Transmission of IP over InfiniBand (IPoIB), RFC 4391, IETF,
       http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4391.txt

   [5] IP over InfiniBand: Connected Mode, RFC 4755, IETF,
       http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4755.txt

6. Resources and Schedule
    6.4. Steering Committee requested information
   	6.4.1. Consolidation C-team Name:
		ON
    6.5. ARC review type: FastTrack
    6.6. ARC Exposure: open


From gdamore@sun.com Fri Oct 30 16:22:16 2009
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Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2009 16:22:12 -0700
From: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Subject: Re: IPoIB Connected Mode [PSARC/2009/593 FastTrack timeout 11/06/2009]
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I feel very strongly that I'd prefer to avoid the use of a driver.conf 
for this, and instead handle it as a Brussels property, at least on 
Solaris Nevada.  (This will support administration via dladm, and 
ultimately also ndd, though we don't like to say that. ;-)

If you need to use a driver.conf for Solaris 10, that's OK I suppose 
(although an ndd tunable would be better there too, since it doesn't 
require the driver to be unloaded and reloaded to change the setting -- 
which can be very challenging for administrators to figure out.)

I feel TCR-strong on this -- if it were a full case I'd insist that this 
be part of the spec before I'd vote to approve.

Is the project team amenable to making this change, or do they have some 
other reason why driver.conf values need to be used instead.

Also, I'd like the mtu to be set via Brussels as well, if it isn't 
already handled that way.

    - Garrett

Ted Kim wrote:
> Template Version: @(#)sac_nextcase 1.68 02/23/09 SMI
> This information is Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems
> 1. Introduction
>     1.1. Project/Component Working Name:
> 	 IPoIB Connected Mode
>     1.2. Name of Document Author/Supplier:
> 	 Author:  Kevin Ge
>     1.3  Date of This Document:
> 	30 October, 2009
> 4. Technical Description
>
> A. Overview
> -----------
>
>    This case proposes changes to the Solaris kernel to provide support
>    for "Connected Mode" in the IPoIB driver ibd(7D) (described in [1]
>    and [2]).
>
>    The Infiniband Architecture [3] defines multiple "transport service
>    types", including Unreliable Datagram (UD), Reliable Connected (RC)
>    and Unreliable Connected (UC). Current ibd (based on [4]) runs in
>    "Datagram Mode" over the UD transport service type. Connected Mode
>    (described in [5]) can use either UC and/or RC.
>
>    This IPoIB-CM project uses RC, because of the desire to
>    inter-operate with Linux which also uses RC. The main advantage of
>    Connected Mode is better performance (higher throughput and lower
>    CPU utilization) based on using very large MTUs (see below for more
>    discussion). Connected Mode, though, can have the disadvantage of
>    consuming more resources, especially when scaling up to a large
>    cluster (due to using an InfiniBand connection to each destination).
>
>    Note that this case only covers all necessary changes to support
>    IPoIB driver running in Connected Mode over RC. Other enhancements
>    are outside the scope of this case.
>
>    A micro/patch binding is asserted for this proposal.
>
> B. Connected Mode IPoIB driver
> ------------------------------
>
>    The revised ibd(7D) driver will support both Connected and Datagram
>    mode. The features from the current Datagram mode ibd driver will
>    be inherited. The remainder of this section discusses interface
>    additions for the Connected mode capable driver.
>
>
> B.1 Switching between datagram and connected mode
>
>    The existing ibd driver in OpenSolaris and Solaris 10 does not
>    ship with a driver .conf file. However, the Connected Mode support
>    described in this case introduces a new parameter 'enable_rc' that
>    may be set via the ibd driver .conf file.
>
>    This parameter specifies whether each ibd instance defaults to
>    using Connected Mode over RC or not.
>
>        # 1: unicast packets will be sent over Reliable Connected Mode
>        # 0: unicast packets will be sent over Unreliable Datagram Mode
>        #
>        # Each element in the list below maps to the corresponding ibd
>        # instance; the first element is for ibd instance 0, the second
>        # element is for instance 1 and so on.
>        #
>        enable_rc=1,1,0,0;
>
>    Please note that Connected Mode support in IPoIB is optional as per
>    [5]. Therefore, if Connected Mode is not available for a remote
>    node, the Datagram mode will automatically be used for that
>    destination by the ibd driver. Therefore, the only meaning of
>    'enable_rc' is to decide whether to try Connected Mode first or
>    not, and whether to advertise this as a capability supported by
>    this instance or not.
>
>    The default value for 'enable_rc' for each instance is 0. Hence
>    without a ibd.conf file, Datagram mode will be used. We intend to
>    ship a driver .conf file for ibd in ONNV (and hence OpenSolaris)
>    with enable_rc set to all ones (enabling Connected Mode by
>    default on all instances) for the best performance.
>
>    However, for Solaris 10, we have received business guidance to have
>    an "opt-in" approach due to a desire for greater stability in
>    established enterprise environments. We will do this by not
>    shipping the .conf file. Therefore, by default Solaris 10 will be
>    Datagram mode. It will take an explicit administrator action
>    (setting enable_rc) to cause Solaris 10 to use Connected Mode.
>   
>    OFED (Linux IB) originally made Connected Mode opt-in too. However,
>    later OFED made it the default. We don't intend to change it later
>    to be the default in Solaris 10. However, Solaris Next, being
>    descended from ONNV, will have it as default.
>
>    An edited ibd(7D) manpage documenting this change is in the
>    materials directory.
>
> B.2 Change of default MTU size
>
>    Connected Mode by virtue of using the RC transport service type
>    offers link MTUs of up to 2^31-4 octets in length. Thus, the use of
>    Connected Mode can offer benefits by supporting very large MTUs.
>    Datagram Mode using UD is limited to 4092 (4K-4) octets, though
>    commonly only 2044 (2K-4) is offered.
>
>    Due to the limits of the TCP/IP protocol, it makes sense to only
>    offer up to 65535 (64K-1) bytes. OFED (i.e. Linux IB) uses 65520
>    (64K-16) byte MTU for alignment reasons. To inter-operate with
>    OFED at the best performance, we also adopt 65520 as the default
>    MTU of the Connected Mode.
>
>
> C. Interfaces
> -------------
> +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
> |                     Interfaces Exported                           |
> +---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
> |    Interface Name         |  Classification  |      Comment       |
> +---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
> |/kernel/drv/ibd.conf*      |   Uncommitted    | Configuration file |
> +---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
>  * = only for OpenSolaris
>
>
> D. References
> -------------
>
>    [1] IP over InfiniBand, PSARC/2001/289
>
>    [2] IPoIB Conversion to GLDv3, PSARC/2007/636
>
>    [3] InfiniBand Architecture Specification Volume 1, Release 1.2.1,
>      InfiniBand Trade Association, 2007.
>      http://www.infinibandta.org/content/pages.php?pg=technology_download
>
>    [4] Transmission of IP over InfiniBand (IPoIB), RFC 4391, IETF,
>        http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4391.txt
>
>    [5] IP over InfiniBand: Connected Mode, RFC 4755, IETF,
>        http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4755.txt
>
> 6. Resources and Schedule
>     6.4. Steering Committee requested information
>    	6.4.1. Consolidation C-team Name:
> 		ON
>     6.5. ARC review type: FastTrack
>     6.6. ARC Exposure: open
>
>   


From Ted.Kim@Sun.COM Fri Oct 30 16:30:30 2009
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Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2009 16:27:55 -0700
From: "Ted H. Kim" <Ted.Kim@Sun.COM>
Subject: Re: IPoIB Connected Mode [PSARC/2009/593 FastTrack timeout 11/06/2009]
In-reply-to: <4AEB7524.1020206@sun.com>
Sender: Ted.Kim@Sun.COM
To: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@Sun.COM>
Cc: Ted Kim <tedk@sac.sfbay.sun.com>, PSARC-ext@Sun.COM,
        Kevin Ge <Kevin.Ge@Sun.COM>,
        Sudhakar Dindukurti <sudhakar.dindukurti@Sun.COM>
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There is a extensive revision of the dladm
support for IPoIB coming where Brussels
support and a change in the administrative
model will be dealt with. But that may be
a ways off (est. 2010.Q2?) and in the
meantime, people are screaming for
the performance that Connected Mode gives,
so we don't want to wait for that.

-ted

Garrett D'Amore wrote:
> I feel very strongly that I'd prefer to avoid the use of a driver.conf 
> for this, and instead handle it as a Brussels property, at least on 
> Solaris Nevada.  (This will support administration via dladm, and 
> ultimately also ndd, though we don't like to say that. ;-)
> 
> If you need to use a driver.conf for Solaris 10, that's OK I suppose 
> (although an ndd tunable would be better there too, since it doesn't 
> require the driver to be unloaded and reloaded to change the setting -- 
> which can be very challenging for administrators to figure out.)
> 
> I feel TCR-strong on this -- if it were a full case I'd insist that this 
> be part of the spec before I'd vote to approve.
> 
> Is the project team amenable to making this change, or do they have some 
> other reason why driver.conf values need to be used instead.
> 
> Also, I'd like the mtu to be set via Brussels as well, if it isn't 
> already handled that way.
> 
>    - Garrett
> 
> Ted Kim wrote:
>> Template Version: @(#)sac_nextcase 1.68 02/23/09 SMI
>> This information is Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems
>> 1. Introduction
>>     1.1. Project/Component Working Name:
>>      IPoIB Connected Mode
>>     1.2. Name of Document Author/Supplier:
>>      Author:  Kevin Ge
>>     1.3  Date of This Document:
>>     30 October, 2009
>> 4. Technical Description
>>
>> A. Overview
>> -----------
>>
>>    This case proposes changes to the Solaris kernel to provide support
>>    for "Connected Mode" in the IPoIB driver ibd(7D) (described in [1]
>>    and [2]).
>>
>>    The Infiniband Architecture [3] defines multiple "transport service
>>    types", including Unreliable Datagram (UD), Reliable Connected (RC)
>>    and Unreliable Connected (UC). Current ibd (based on [4]) runs in
>>    "Datagram Mode" over the UD transport service type. Connected Mode
>>    (described in [5]) can use either UC and/or RC.
>>
>>    This IPoIB-CM project uses RC, because of the desire to
>>    inter-operate with Linux which also uses RC. The main advantage of
>>    Connected Mode is better performance (higher throughput and lower
>>    CPU utilization) based on using very large MTUs (see below for more
>>    discussion). Connected Mode, though, can have the disadvantage of
>>    consuming more resources, especially when scaling up to a large
>>    cluster (due to using an InfiniBand connection to each destination).
>>
>>    Note that this case only covers all necessary changes to support
>>    IPoIB driver running in Connected Mode over RC. Other enhancements
>>    are outside the scope of this case.
>>
>>    A micro/patch binding is asserted for this proposal.
>>
>> B. Connected Mode IPoIB driver
>> ------------------------------
>>
>>    The revised ibd(7D) driver will support both Connected and Datagram
>>    mode. The features from the current Datagram mode ibd driver will
>>    be inherited. The remainder of this section discusses interface
>>    additions for the Connected mode capable driver.
>>
>>
>> B.1 Switching between datagram and connected mode
>>
>>    The existing ibd driver in OpenSolaris and Solaris 10 does not
>>    ship with a driver .conf file. However, the Connected Mode support
>>    described in this case introduces a new parameter 'enable_rc' that
>>    may be set via the ibd driver .conf file.
>>
>>    This parameter specifies whether each ibd instance defaults to
>>    using Connected Mode over RC or not.
>>
>>        # 1: unicast packets will be sent over Reliable Connected Mode
>>        # 0: unicast packets will be sent over Unreliable Datagram Mode
>>        #
>>        # Each element in the list below maps to the corresponding ibd
>>        # instance; the first element is for ibd instance 0, the second
>>        # element is for instance 1 and so on.
>>        #
>>        enable_rc=1,1,0,0;
>>
>>    Please note that Connected Mode support in IPoIB is optional as per
>>    [5]. Therefore, if Connected Mode is not available for a remote
>>    node, the Datagram mode will automatically be used for that
>>    destination by the ibd driver. Therefore, the only meaning of
>>    'enable_rc' is to decide whether to try Connected Mode first or
>>    not, and whether to advertise this as a capability supported by
>>    this instance or not.
>>
>>    The default value for 'enable_rc' for each instance is 0. Hence
>>    without a ibd.conf file, Datagram mode will be used. We intend to
>>    ship a driver .conf file for ibd in ONNV (and hence OpenSolaris)
>>    with enable_rc set to all ones (enabling Connected Mode by
>>    default on all instances) for the best performance.
>>
>>    However, for Solaris 10, we have received business guidance to have
>>    an "opt-in" approach due to a desire for greater stability in
>>    established enterprise environments. We will do this by not
>>    shipping the .conf file. Therefore, by default Solaris 10 will be
>>    Datagram mode. It will take an explicit administrator action
>>    (setting enable_rc) to cause Solaris 10 to use Connected Mode.
>>      OFED (Linux IB) originally made Connected Mode opt-in too. However,
>>    later OFED made it the default. We don't intend to change it later
>>    to be the default in Solaris 10. However, Solaris Next, being
>>    descended from ONNV, will have it as default.
>>
>>    An edited ibd(7D) manpage documenting this change is in the
>>    materials directory.
>>
>> B.2 Change of default MTU size
>>
>>    Connected Mode by virtue of using the RC transport service type
>>    offers link MTUs of up to 2^31-4 octets in length. Thus, the use of
>>    Connected Mode can offer benefits by supporting very large MTUs.
>>    Datagram Mode using UD is limited to 4092 (4K-4) octets, though
>>    commonly only 2044 (2K-4) is offered.
>>
>>    Due to the limits of the TCP/IP protocol, it makes sense to only
>>    offer up to 65535 (64K-1) bytes. OFED (i.e. Linux IB) uses 65520
>>    (64K-16) byte MTU for alignment reasons. To inter-operate with
>>    OFED at the best performance, we also adopt 65520 as the default
>>    MTU of the Connected Mode.
>>
>>
>> C. Interfaces
>> -------------
>> +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
>> |                     Interfaces Exported                           |
>> +---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
>> |    Interface Name         |  Classification  |      Comment       |
>> +---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
>> |/kernel/drv/ibd.conf*      |   Uncommitted    | Configuration file |
>> +---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
>>  * = only for OpenSolaris
>>
>>
>> D. References
>> -------------
>>
>>    [1] IP over InfiniBand, PSARC/2001/289
>>
>>    [2] IPoIB Conversion to GLDv3, PSARC/2007/636
>>
>>    [3] InfiniBand Architecture Specification Volume 1, Release 1.2.1,
>>      InfiniBand Trade Association, 2007.
>>      http://www.infinibandta.org/content/pages.php?pg=technology_download
>>
>>    [4] Transmission of IP over InfiniBand (IPoIB), RFC 4391, IETF,
>>        http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4391.txt
>>
>>    [5] IP over InfiniBand: Connected Mode, RFC 4755, IETF,
>>        http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4755.txt
>>
>> 6. Resources and Schedule
>>     6.4. Steering Committee requested information
>>        6.4.1. Consolidation C-team Name:
>>         ON
>>     6.5. ARC review type: FastTrack
>>     6.6. ARC Exposure: open
>>
>>   
> 

-- 
Ted H. Kim
Sun Microsystems, Inc.                  ted.kim@sun.com
222 North Sepulveda Blvd., 10th Floor   (310) 341-1116
El Segundo, CA  90245                   (310) 341-1120 FAX

From gdamore@sun.com Fri Oct 30 16:41:09 2009
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Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2009 16:40:34 -0700
From: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Subject: Re: IPoIB Connected Mode [PSARC/2009/593 FastTrack timeout 11/06/2009]
In-reply-to: <4AEB767B.4070309@sun.com>
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To: "Ted H. Kim" <ted.kim@sun.com>
Cc: Ted Kim <tedk@sac.sfbay.sun.com>, PSARC-ext@sun.com,
        Kevin Ge <Kevin.Ge@sun.com>,
        Sudhakar Dindukurti <Sudhakar.Dindukurti@sun.com>
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Ted H. Kim wrote:
> There is a extensive revision of the dladm
> support for IPoIB coming where Brussels
> support and a change in the administrative
> model will be dealt with. But that may be
> a ways off (est. 2010.Q2?) and in the
> meantime, people are screaming for
> the performance that Connected Mode gives,
> so we don't want to wait for that.

So, lets make the .conf setting Volatile, since we expect to change it 
in less than a year to a Brussels setting.  This will allow people to 
use it, but with an admonition not  to get too fond of the driver.conf 
setting.

Personally, I think Brussels support is so easy to implement that I'm 
not sure I understand why this can't be done almost immediately.

    - Garrett

>
> -ted
>
> Garrett D'Amore wrote:
>> I feel very strongly that I'd prefer to avoid the use of a 
>> driver.conf for this, and instead handle it as a Brussels property, 
>> at least on Solaris Nevada.  (This will support administration via 
>> dladm, and ultimately also ndd, though we don't like to say that. ;-)
>>
>> If you need to use a driver.conf for Solaris 10, that's OK I suppose 
>> (although an ndd tunable would be better there too, since it doesn't 
>> require the driver to be unloaded and reloaded to change the setting 
>> -- which can be very challenging for administrators to figure out.)
>>
>> I feel TCR-strong on this -- if it were a full case I'd insist that 
>> this be part of the spec before I'd vote to approve.
>>
>> Is the project team amenable to making this change, or do they have 
>> some other reason why driver.conf values need to be used instead.
>>
>> Also, I'd like the mtu to be set via Brussels as well, if it isn't 
>> already handled that way.
>>
>>    - Garrett
>>
>> Ted Kim wrote:
>>> Template Version: @(#)sac_nextcase 1.68 02/23/09 SMI
>>> This information is Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems
>>> 1. Introduction
>>>     1.1. Project/Component Working Name:
>>>      IPoIB Connected Mode
>>>     1.2. Name of Document Author/Supplier:
>>>      Author:  Kevin Ge
>>>     1.3  Date of This Document:
>>>     30 October, 2009
>>> 4. Technical Description
>>>
>>> A. Overview
>>> -----------
>>>
>>>    This case proposes changes to the Solaris kernel to provide support
>>>    for "Connected Mode" in the IPoIB driver ibd(7D) (described in [1]
>>>    and [2]).
>>>
>>>    The Infiniband Architecture [3] defines multiple "transport service
>>>    types", including Unreliable Datagram (UD), Reliable Connected (RC)
>>>    and Unreliable Connected (UC). Current ibd (based on [4]) runs in
>>>    "Datagram Mode" over the UD transport service type. Connected Mode
>>>    (described in [5]) can use either UC and/or RC.
>>>
>>>    This IPoIB-CM project uses RC, because of the desire to
>>>    inter-operate with Linux which also uses RC. The main advantage of
>>>    Connected Mode is better performance (higher throughput and lower
>>>    CPU utilization) based on using very large MTUs (see below for more
>>>    discussion). Connected Mode, though, can have the disadvantage of
>>>    consuming more resources, especially when scaling up to a large
>>>    cluster (due to using an InfiniBand connection to each destination).
>>>
>>>    Note that this case only covers all necessary changes to support
>>>    IPoIB driver running in Connected Mode over RC. Other enhancements
>>>    are outside the scope of this case.
>>>
>>>    A micro/patch binding is asserted for this proposal.
>>>
>>> B. Connected Mode IPoIB driver
>>> ------------------------------
>>>
>>>    The revised ibd(7D) driver will support both Connected and Datagram
>>>    mode. The features from the current Datagram mode ibd driver will
>>>    be inherited. The remainder of this section discusses interface
>>>    additions for the Connected mode capable driver.
>>>
>>>
>>> B.1 Switching between datagram and connected mode
>>>
>>>    The existing ibd driver in OpenSolaris and Solaris 10 does not
>>>    ship with a driver .conf file. However, the Connected Mode support
>>>    described in this case introduces a new parameter 'enable_rc' that
>>>    may be set via the ibd driver .conf file.
>>>
>>>    This parameter specifies whether each ibd instance defaults to
>>>    using Connected Mode over RC or not.
>>>
>>>        # 1: unicast packets will be sent over Reliable Connected Mode
>>>        # 0: unicast packets will be sent over Unreliable Datagram Mode
>>>        #
>>>        # Each element in the list below maps to the corresponding ibd
>>>        # instance; the first element is for ibd instance 0, the second
>>>        # element is for instance 1 and so on.
>>>        #
>>>        enable_rc=1,1,0,0;
>>>
>>>    Please note that Connected Mode support in IPoIB is optional as per
>>>    [5]. Therefore, if Connected Mode is not available for a remote
>>>    node, the Datagram mode will automatically be used for that
>>>    destination by the ibd driver. Therefore, the only meaning of
>>>    'enable_rc' is to decide whether to try Connected Mode first or
>>>    not, and whether to advertise this as a capability supported by
>>>    this instance or not.
>>>
>>>    The default value for 'enable_rc' for each instance is 0. Hence
>>>    without a ibd.conf file, Datagram mode will be used. We intend to
>>>    ship a driver .conf file for ibd in ONNV (and hence OpenSolaris)
>>>    with enable_rc set to all ones (enabling Connected Mode by
>>>    default on all instances) for the best performance.
>>>
>>>    However, for Solaris 10, we have received business guidance to have
>>>    an "opt-in" approach due to a desire for greater stability in
>>>    established enterprise environments. We will do this by not
>>>    shipping the .conf file. Therefore, by default Solaris 10 will be
>>>    Datagram mode. It will take an explicit administrator action
>>>    (setting enable_rc) to cause Solaris 10 to use Connected Mode.
>>>      OFED (Linux IB) originally made Connected Mode opt-in too. 
>>> However,
>>>    later OFED made it the default. We don't intend to change it later
>>>    to be the default in Solaris 10. However, Solaris Next, being
>>>    descended from ONNV, will have it as default.
>>>
>>>    An edited ibd(7D) manpage documenting this change is in the
>>>    materials directory.
>>>
>>> B.2 Change of default MTU size
>>>
>>>    Connected Mode by virtue of using the RC transport service type
>>>    offers link MTUs of up to 2^31-4 octets in length. Thus, the use of
>>>    Connected Mode can offer benefits by supporting very large MTUs.
>>>    Datagram Mode using UD is limited to 4092 (4K-4) octets, though
>>>    commonly only 2044 (2K-4) is offered.
>>>
>>>    Due to the limits of the TCP/IP protocol, it makes sense to only
>>>    offer up to 65535 (64K-1) bytes. OFED (i.e. Linux IB) uses 65520
>>>    (64K-16) byte MTU for alignment reasons. To inter-operate with
>>>    OFED at the best performance, we also adopt 65520 as the default
>>>    MTU of the Connected Mode.
>>>
>>>
>>> C. Interfaces
>>> -------------
>>> +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
>>> |                     Interfaces Exported                           |
>>> +---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
>>> |    Interface Name         |  Classification  |      Comment       |
>>> +---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
>>> |/kernel/drv/ibd.conf*      |   Uncommitted    | Configuration file |
>>> +---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
>>>  * = only for OpenSolaris
>>>
>>>
>>> D. References
>>> -------------
>>>
>>>    [1] IP over InfiniBand, PSARC/2001/289
>>>
>>>    [2] IPoIB Conversion to GLDv3, PSARC/2007/636
>>>
>>>    [3] InfiniBand Architecture Specification Volume 1, Release 1.2.1,
>>>      InfiniBand Trade Association, 2007.
>>>      
>>> http://www.infinibandta.org/content/pages.php?pg=technology_download
>>>
>>>    [4] Transmission of IP over InfiniBand (IPoIB), RFC 4391, IETF,
>>>        http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4391.txt
>>>
>>>    [5] IP over InfiniBand: Connected Mode, RFC 4755, IETF,
>>>        http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4755.txt
>>>
>>> 6. Resources and Schedule
>>>     6.4. Steering Committee requested information
>>>        6.4.1. Consolidation C-team Name:
>>>         ON
>>>     6.5. ARC review type: FastTrack
>>>     6.6. ARC Exposure: open
>>>
>>>   
>>
>


From ted.kim@sun.com Fri Oct 30 16:43:41 2009
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Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2009 16:41:07 -0700
From: "Ted H. Kim" <ted.kim@sun.com>
Subject: Re: IPoIB Connected Mode [PSARC/2009/593 FastTrack timeout 11/06/2009]
In-reply-to: <4AEB7972.2030202@sun.com>
Sender: ted.kim@sun.com
To: "Garrett D'Amore" <gdamore@sun.com>
Cc: Ted Kim <tedk@sac.sfbay.sun.com>, PSARC-ext@sun.com,
        Kevin Ge <Kevin.Ge@sun.com>,
        Sudhakar Dindukurti <Sudhakar.Dindukurti@sun.com>
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okay, volatile it is.

-ted


Garrett D'Amore wrote:
> Ted H. Kim wrote:
>> There is a extensive revision of the dladm
>> support for IPoIB coming where Brussels
>> support and a change in the administrative
>> model will be dealt with. But that may be
>> a ways off (est. 2010.Q2?) and in the
>> meantime, people are screaming for
>> the performance that Connected Mode gives,
>> so we don't want to wait for that.
> 
> So, lets make the .conf setting Volatile, since we expect to change it 
> in less than a year to a Brussels setting.  This will allow people to 
> use it, but with an admonition not  to get too fond of the driver.conf 
> setting.
> 
> Personally, I think Brussels support is so easy to implement that I'm 
> not sure I understand why this can't be done almost immediately.
> 
>    - Garrett
> 
>>
>> -ted
>>
>> Garrett D'Amore wrote:
>>> I feel very strongly that I'd prefer to avoid the use of a 
>>> driver.conf for this, and instead handle it as a Brussels property, 
>>> at least on Solaris Nevada.  (This will support administration via 
>>> dladm, and ultimately also ndd, though we don't like to say that. ;-)
>>>
>>> If you need to use a driver.conf for Solaris 10, that's OK I suppose 
>>> (although an ndd tunable would be better there too, since it doesn't 
>>> require the driver to be unloaded and reloaded to change the setting 
>>> -- which can be very challenging for administrators to figure out.)
>>>
>>> I feel TCR-strong on this -- if it were a full case I'd insist that 
>>> this be part of the spec before I'd vote to approve.
>>>
>>> Is the project team amenable to making this change, or do they have 
>>> some other reason why driver.conf values need to be used instead.
>>>
>>> Also, I'd like the mtu to be set via Brussels as well, if it isn't 
>>> already handled that way.
>>>
>>>    - Garrett
>>>
>>> Ted Kim wrote:
>>>> Template Version: @(#)sac_nextcase 1.68 02/23/09 SMI
>>>> This information is Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems
>>>> 1. Introduction
>>>>     1.1. Project/Component Working Name:
>>>>      IPoIB Connected Mode
>>>>     1.2. Name of Document Author/Supplier:
>>>>      Author:  Kevin Ge
>>>>     1.3  Date of This Document:
>>>>     30 October, 2009
>>>> 4. Technical Description
>>>>
>>>> A. Overview
>>>> -----------
>>>>
>>>>    This case proposes changes to the Solaris kernel to provide support
>>>>    for "Connected Mode" in the IPoIB driver ibd(7D) (described in [1]
>>>>    and [2]).
>>>>
>>>>    The Infiniband Architecture [3] defines multiple "transport service
>>>>    types", including Unreliable Datagram (UD), Reliable Connected (RC)
>>>>    and Unreliable Connected (UC). Current ibd (based on [4]) runs in
>>>>    "Datagram Mode" over the UD transport service type. Connected Mode
>>>>    (described in [5]) can use either UC and/or RC.
>>>>
>>>>    This IPoIB-CM project uses RC, because of the desire to
>>>>    inter-operate with Linux which also uses RC. The main advantage of
>>>>    Connected Mode is better performance (higher throughput and lower
>>>>    CPU utilization) based on using very large MTUs (see below for more
>>>>    discussion). Connected Mode, though, can have the disadvantage of
>>>>    consuming more resources, especially when scaling up to a large
>>>>    cluster (due to using an InfiniBand connection to each destination).
>>>>
>>>>    Note that this case only covers all necessary changes to support
>>>>    IPoIB driver running in Connected Mode over RC. Other enhancements
>>>>    are outside the scope of this case.
>>>>
>>>>    A micro/patch binding is asserted for this proposal.
>>>>
>>>> B. Connected Mode IPoIB driver
>>>> ------------------------------
>>>>
>>>>    The revised ibd(7D) driver will support both Connected and Datagram
>>>>    mode. The features from the current Datagram mode ibd driver will
>>>>    be inherited. The remainder of this section discusses interface
>>>>    additions for the Connected mode capable driver.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> B.1 Switching between datagram and connected mode
>>>>
>>>>    The existing ibd driver in OpenSolaris and Solaris 10 does not
>>>>    ship with a driver .conf file. However, the Connected Mode support
>>>>    described in this case introduces a new parameter 'enable_rc' that
>>>>    may be set via the ibd driver .conf file.
>>>>
>>>>    This parameter specifies whether each ibd instance defaults to
>>>>    using Connected Mode over RC or not.
>>>>
>>>>        # 1: unicast packets will be sent over Reliable Connected Mode
>>>>        # 0: unicast packets will be sent over Unreliable Datagram Mode
>>>>        #
>>>>        # Each element in the list below maps to the corresponding ibd
>>>>        # instance; the first element is for ibd instance 0, the second
>>>>        # element is for instance 1 and so on.
>>>>        #
>>>>        enable_rc=1,1,0,0;
>>>>
>>>>    Please note that Connected Mode support in IPoIB is optional as per
>>>>    [5]. Therefore, if Connected Mode is not available for a remote
>>>>    node, the Datagram mode will automatically be used for that
>>>>    destination by the ibd driver. Therefore, the only meaning of
>>>>    'enable_rc' is to decide whether to try Connected Mode first or
>>>>    not, and whether to advertise this as a capability supported by
>>>>    this instance or not.
>>>>
>>>>    The default value for 'enable_rc' for each instance is 0. Hence
>>>>    without a ibd.conf file, Datagram mode will be used. We intend to
>>>>    ship a driver .conf file for ibd in ONNV (and hence OpenSolaris)
>>>>    with enable_rc set to all ones (enabling Connected Mode by
>>>>    default on all instances) for the best performance.
>>>>
>>>>    However, for Solaris 10, we have received business guidance to have
>>>>    an "opt-in" approach due to a desire for greater stability in
>>>>    established enterprise environments. We will do this by not
>>>>    shipping the .conf file. Therefore, by default Solaris 10 will be
>>>>    Datagram mode. It will take an explicit administrator action
>>>>    (setting enable_rc) to cause Solaris 10 to use Connected Mode.
>>>>      OFED (Linux IB) originally made Connected Mode opt-in too. 
>>>> However,
>>>>    later OFED made it the default. We don't intend to change it later
>>>>    to be the default in Solaris 10. However, Solaris Next, being
>>>>    descended from ONNV, will have it as default.
>>>>
>>>>    An edited ibd(7D) manpage documenting this change is in the
>>>>    materials directory.
>>>>
>>>> B.2 Change of default MTU size
>>>>
>>>>    Connected Mode by virtue of using the RC transport service type
>>>>    offers link MTUs of up to 2^31-4 octets in length. Thus, the use of
>>>>    Connected Mode can offer benefits by supporting very large MTUs.
>>>>    Datagram Mode using UD is limited to 4092 (4K-4) octets, though
>>>>    commonly only 2044 (2K-4) is offered.
>>>>
>>>>    Due to the limits of the TCP/IP protocol, it makes sense to only
>>>>    offer up to 65535 (64K-1) bytes. OFED (i.e. Linux IB) uses 65520
>>>>    (64K-16) byte MTU for alignment reasons. To inter-operate with
>>>>    OFED at the best performance, we also adopt 65520 as the default
>>>>    MTU of the Connected Mode.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> C. Interfaces
>>>> -------------
>>>> +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
>>>> |                     Interfaces Exported                           |
>>>> +---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
>>>> |    Interface Name         |  Classification  |      Comment       |
>>>> +---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
>>>> |/kernel/drv/ibd.conf*      |   Uncommitted    | Configuration file |
>>>> +---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
>>>>  * = only for OpenSolaris
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> D. References
>>>> -------------
>>>>
>>>>    [1] IP over InfiniBand, PSARC/2001/289
>>>>
>>>>    [2] IPoIB Conversion to GLDv3, PSARC/2007/636
>>>>
>>>>    [3] InfiniBand Architecture Specification Volume 1, Release 1.2.1,
>>>>      InfiniBand Trade Association, 2007.
>>>>      
>>>> http://www.infinibandta.org/content/pages.php?pg=technology_download
>>>>
>>>>    [4] Transmission of IP over InfiniBand (IPoIB), RFC 4391, IETF,
>>>>        http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4391.txt
>>>>
>>>>    [5] IP over InfiniBand: Connected Mode, RFC 4755, IETF,
>>>>        http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4755.txt
>>>>
>>>> 6. Resources and Schedule
>>>>     6.4. Steering Committee requested information
>>>>        6.4.1. Consolidation C-team Name:
>>>>         ON
>>>>     6.5. ARC review type: FastTrack
>>>>     6.6. ARC Exposure: open
>>>>
>>>>   
>>>
>>
> 

-- 
Ted H. Kim
Sun Microsystems, Inc.                  ted.kim@sun.com
222 North Sepulveda Blvd., 10th Floor   (310) 341-1116
El Segundo, CA  90245                   (310) 341-1120 FAX

From Ted.Kim@sun.com Wed Nov  4 10:26:49 2009
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Date: Wed, 04 Nov 2009 10:24:07 -0800
From: "Ted H. Kim" <Ted.Kim@sun.com>
Subject: Re: IPoIB Connected Mode [PSARC/2009/593 FastTrack timeout 11/06/2009]
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This case, IPoIB Connected Mode (PSARC/2009/593),
was approved at today's PSARC meeting,
so I am marking the case closed/approved.
The updated spec (with the change to Volatile)
is below.

Thanks,
-ted

-- 
Ted H. Kim
Sun Microsystems, Inc.                  ted.kim@sun.com
222 North Sepulveda Blvd., 10th Floor   (310) 341-1116
El Segundo, CA  90245                   (310) 341-1120 FAX

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A. Overview
-----------

   This case proposes changes to the Solaris kernel to provide support
   for "Connected Mode" in the IPoIB driver ibd(7D) (described in [1]
   and [2]).

   The Infiniband Architecture [3] defines multiple "transport service
   types", including Unreliable Datagram (UD), Reliable Connected (RC)
   and Unreliable Connected (UC). Current ibd (based on [4]) runs in
   "Datagram Mode" over the UD transport service type. Connected Mode
   (described in [5]) can use either UC and/or RC.

   This IPoIB-CM project uses RC, because of the desire to
   inter-operate with Linux which also uses RC. The main advantage of
   Connected Mode is better performance (higher throughput and lower
   CPU utilization) based on using very large MTUs (see below for more
   discussion). Connected Mode, though, can have the disadvantage of
   consuming more resources, especially when scaling up to a large
   cluster (due to using an InfiniBand connection to each destination).

   Note that this case only covers all necessary changes to support
   IPoIB driver running in Connected Mode over RC. Other enhancements
   are outside the scope of this case.

   A micro/patch binding is asserted for this proposal.

B. Connected Mode IPoIB driver
------------------------------

   The revised ibd(7D) driver will support both Connected and Datagram
   mode. The features from the current Datagram mode ibd driver will
   be inherited. The remainder of this section discusses interface
   additions for the Connected mode capable driver.


B.1 Switching between datagram and connected mode

   The existing ibd driver in OpenSolaris and Solaris 10 does not
   ship with a driver .conf file. However, the Connected Mode support
   described in this case introduces a new parameter 'enable_rc' that
   may be set via the ibd driver .conf file.

   This parameter specifies whether each ibd instance defaults to
   using Connected Mode over RC or not.

       # 1: unicast packets will be sent over Reliable Connected Mode
       # 0: unicast packets will be sent over Unreliable Datagram Mode
       #
       # Each element in the list below maps to the corresponding ibd
       # instance; the first element is for ibd instance 0, the second
       # element is for instance 1 and so on.
       #
       enable_rc=1,1,0,0;

   Please note that Connected Mode support in IPoIB is optional as per
   [5]. Therefore, if Connected Mode is not available for a remote
   node, the Datagram mode will automatically be used for that
   destination by the ibd driver. Therefore, the only meaning of
   'enable_rc' is to decide whether to try Connected Mode first or
   not, and whether to advertise this as a capability supported by
   this instance or not.

   The default value for 'enable_rc' for each instance is 0. Hence
   without a ibd.conf file, Datagram mode will be used. We intend to
   ship a driver .conf file for ibd in ONNV (and hence OpenSolaris)
   with enable_rc set to all ones (enabling Connected Mode by
   default on all instances) for the best performance.

   However, for Solaris 10, we have received business guidance to have
   an "opt-in" approach due to a desire for greater stability in
   established enterprise environments. We will do this by not
   shipping the .conf file. Therefore, by default Solaris 10 will be
   Datagram mode. It will take an explicit administrator action
   (setting enable_rc) to cause Solaris 10 to use Connected Mode.
  
   OFED (Linux IB) originally made Connected Mode opt-in too. However,
   later OFED made it the default. We don't intend to change it later
   to be the default in Solaris 10. However, Solaris Next, being
   descended from ONNV, will have it as default.

   An edited ibd(7D) manpage documenting this change is in the
   materials directory.

B.2 Change of default MTU size

   Connected Mode by virtue of using the RC transport service type
   offers link MTUs of up to 2^31-4 octets in length. Thus, the use of
   Connected Mode can offer benefits by supporting very large MTUs.
   Datagram Mode using UD is limited to 4092 (4K-4) octets, though
   commonly only 2044 (2K-4) is offered.

   Due to the limits of the TCP/IP protocol, it makes sense to only
   offer up to 65535 (64K-1) bytes. OFED (i.e. Linux IB) uses 65520
   (64K-16) byte MTU for alignment reasons. To inter-operate with
   OFED at the best performance, we also adopt 65520 as the default
   MTU of the Connected Mode.


C. Interfaces
-------------
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                     Interfaces Exported                           |
+---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
|    Interface Name         |  Classification  |      Comment       |
+---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
|/kernel/drv/ibd.conf*      |     Volatile     | Configuration file |
+---------------------------+------------------+--------------------+
 * = only for OpenSolaris


D. References
-------------

   [1] IP over InfiniBand, PSARC/2001/289

   [2] IPoIB Conversion to GLDv3, PSARC/2007/636

   [3] InfiniBand Architecture Specification Volume 1, Release 1.2.1,
     InfiniBand Trade Association, 2007.
     http://www.infinibandta.org/content/pages.php?pg=technology_download

   [4] Transmission of IP over InfiniBand (IPoIB), RFC 4391, IETF,
       http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4391.txt

   [5] IP over InfiniBand: Connected Mode, RFC 4755, IETF,
       http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4755.txt

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From ted.h.kim@oracle.com Fri May 21 10:17:43 2010
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From: "Ted H. Kim" <ted.h.kim@oracle.com>
Subject: case note for PSARC/2009/593 IPoIB Connected Mode
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Folks,

Here is a minor amendment to an already approved case.
I am filing this as a "case note", but in case
anyone thinks this needs a real fasttrack, please
pipe up, and I will re-file it as such.

In PSARC/2009/593 IPoIB Connected Mode, the case said
S10 would default to Datagram Mode by not delivering
the .conf file, which implicitly gives a value of
zero to each instance for the "enable_rc" property.

Well as it turns out, the project team would rather
deliver the .conf file, but with the property explicitly
set to Datagram Mode (zero value for each instance).
So the default setting is exactly the same, just
the .conf file is delivered.

This would make it slightly easier to switch to
Connected Mode, if so desired, as the sysadmin is
editing a file where the property is already mentioned,
so there is less chance of a typo.

-ted

-- 
Ted H. Kim, PhD
Sun/Oracle America Inc.                 ted.h.kim@oracle.com
222 North Sepulveda Blvd., 10th Floor   (310) 341-1116
El Segundo, CA  90245                   (310) 341-1115 FAX

From james.gates@oracle.com Fri May 21 11:00:29 2010
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From: James Gates <james.gates@oracle.com>
Subject: Re: case note for PSARC/2009/593 IPoIB Connected Mode
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In the original case, ibd.conf was classified as 'volatile' for Nevada (because it's expected to be replaced by switching to Brussels).

That classification isn't appropriate for S10 if you intend to keep ibd.conf as the only configuration interface (which I assume is the case).

So it's classification on S10 should be 'committed'?


Ted H. Kim wrote:
> Folks,
> 
> Here is a minor amendment to an already approved case.
> I am filing this as a "case note", but in case
> anyone thinks this needs a real fasttrack, please
> pipe up, and I will re-file it as such.
> 
> In PSARC/2009/593 IPoIB Connected Mode, the case said
> S10 would default to Datagram Mode by not delivering
> the .conf file, which implicitly gives a value of
> zero to each instance for the "enable_rc" property.
> 
> Well as it turns out, the project team would rather
> deliver the .conf file, but with the property explicitly
> set to Datagram Mode (zero value for each instance).
> So the default setting is exactly the same, just
> the .conf file is delivered.
> 
> This would make it slightly easier to switch to
> Connected Mode, if so desired, as the sysadmin is
> editing a file where the property is already mentioned,
> so there is less chance of a typo.
> 
> -ted
> 

From ted.h.kim@oracle.com Fri May 21 11:06:50 2010
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From: "Ted H. Kim" <ted.h.kim@oracle.com>
Subject: Re: case note for PSARC/2009/593 IPoIB Connected Mode
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In Nevada (snv_139), it was already replaced by Brussels.

But you are right, the team doesn't intend to backport the
Brussels stuff. So the .conf file becomes "committed" for S10.

-ted

James Gates wrote:
> In the original case, ibd.conf was classified as 'volatile' for Nevada 
> (because it's expected to be replaced by switching to Brussels).
> 
> That classification isn't appropriate for S10 if you intend to keep 
> ibd.conf as the only configuration interface (which I assume is the case).
> 
> So it's classification on S10 should be 'committed'?
> 
> 
> Ted H. Kim wrote:
>> Folks,
>>
>> Here is a minor amendment to an already approved case.
>> I am filing this as a "case note", but in case
>> anyone thinks this needs a real fasttrack, please
>> pipe up, and I will re-file it as such.
>>
>> In PSARC/2009/593 IPoIB Connected Mode, the case said
>> S10 would default to Datagram Mode by not delivering
>> the .conf file, which implicitly gives a value of
>> zero to each instance for the "enable_rc" property.
>>
>> Well as it turns out, the project team would rather
>> deliver the .conf file, but with the property explicitly
>> set to Datagram Mode (zero value for each instance).
>> So the default setting is exactly the same, just
>> the .conf file is delivered.
>>
>> This would make it slightly easier to switch to
>> Connected Mode, if so desired, as the sysadmin is
>> editing a file where the property is already mentioned,
>> so there is less chance of a typo.
>>
>> -ted
>>


-- 
Ted H. Kim, PhD
Sun/Oracle America Inc.                 ted.h.kim@oracle.com
222 North Sepulveda Blvd., 10th Floor   (310) 341-1116
El Segundo, CA  90245                   (310) 341-1115 FAX

